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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Assessing the co-benefits of greenhouse gas reduction: Health benefits of particulate matter related inspection and maintenance programs in Bangkok, Thailand
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Assessing the co-benefits of greenhouse gas reduction: Health benefits of particulate matter related inspection and maintenance programs in Bangkok, Thailand

机译：评估减少温室气体的共同效益：泰国曼谷与颗粒物有关的检查和维护计划的健康益处

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摘要

Since the 1990s, the capital city of Thailand, Bangkok has been suffering from severe ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution mainly attributable to its wide use of diesel-fueled vehicles and motorcycles with poor emission performance. While the Thai government strives to reduce emissions from transportation through enforcing policy measures, the link between specific control policies and associated health impacts is inadequately studied. This link is especially important in exploring the co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reductions, which often brings reduction in other pollutants such as PM. This paper quantifies the health benefits potentially achieved by the new PM-related I/M programs targeting all diesel vehicles and motorcycles in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA). The benefits are estimated by using a framework that integrates policy scenario development, exposure assessment, exposure-response assessment and economic valuation. The results indicate that the total health damage due to the year 2000 PM emissions from vehicles in the BMA was equivalent to 2.4% of Thailand's GDP. Under the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, total vehicular PM emissions in the BMA will increase considerably over time due to the rapid growth in vehicle population, even if the fleet average emission rates are projected to decrease over time as the result of participation of Thailand in post-Copenhagen climate change strategies. By 2015, the total health damage is estimated to increase by 2.5 times relative to the year 2000. However, control policies targeting PM emissions from automobiles, such as the PM-oriented I/M programs, could yield substantial health benefits relative to the BAU scenario, and serve as co-benefits of greenhouse gas control strategies. Despite uncertainty associated with the key assumptions used to estimate benefits, we find that with a high level confidence, the I/M programs will produce health benefits whose economic impacts considerably outweigh the expenditures on policy implementation.
机译：自1990年代以来，泰国首都曼谷一直遭受严重的环境颗粒物（PM）污染，这主要归因于其广泛使用了排放性能较差的柴油车辆和摩托车。尽管泰国政府努力通过执行政策措施来减少运输中的排放，但对具体控制政策与相关健康影响之间的联系却研究不足。在探索减少温室气体排放的共同利益时，这一联系尤其重要，这通常会带来其他污染物（例如PM）的减少。本文量化了针对曼谷大都会区（BMA）的所有柴油车辆和摩托车的与PM相关的新I / M计划可能带来的健康益处。通过使用将政策情景开发，风险敞口评估，风险敞口响应评估和经济评估整合在一起的框架来估算收益。结果表明，BMA中由于2000年PM车辆排放而造成的健康总损失相当于泰国GDP的2.4％。在照常营业（BAU）的情况下，由于车流量的快速增长，BMA中的车辆PM排放总量将随着时间的推移而显着增加，即使由于以下原因预计车队平均排放率将随着时间的推移而减少泰国参与哥本哈根后气候变化战略。到2015年，健康总损害估计将比2000年增加2.5倍。但是，针对汽车PM排放的控制政策，例如面向PM的I / M计划，相对于BAU可能会带来可观的健康益处。情景，并作为温室气体控制策略的共同利益。尽管用于估计收益的关键假设存在不确定性，但我们发现，具有很高的置信度，I / M计划将产生健康收益，其经济影响大大超过政策实施的支出。

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