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Climatology of salt transitions and implications for stone weathering

机译：盐转变的气候学及其对石材风化的影响

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This work introduces the notion of salt climatology. It shows how climate affects salt thermodynamic and the potential to relate long-term salt damage to climate types. It mainly focuses on specific sites in Western Europe, which include some cities in France and Peninsular Spain. Salt damage was parameterised using the number of dissolution-crystallisation events for unhydrated (sodium chloride) and hydrated (sodium sulphate) systems. These phase transitions have been calculated using daily temperature and relative humidity from observation meteorological data and Climate Change models' output (HadCM3 and ARPEGE). Comparing the number of transitions with meteorological seasonal data allowed us to develop techniques to estimate the frequency of salt transitions based on the local climatology. Results show that it is possible to associate the Koppen-Geiger climate types with potential salt weathering. Temperate fully humid climates seem to offer the highest potential for salt damage and possible higher number of transitions in summer. Climates with dry summers tend to show a lesser frequency of transitions in summer. The analysis of temperature, precipitation and relative output from Climate Change models suggests changes in the Koppen-Geiger climate types and changes in the patterns of salt damage. For instance, West Europe areas with a fully humid climate may change to a more Mediterranean like or dry climates, and consequently the seasonality of different salt transitions. The accuracy and reliability of the projections might be improved by simultaneously running multiple climate models (ensembles).
机译：这项工作介绍了盐气候学的概念。它显示了气候如何影响盐的热力学以及将长期盐害与气候类型联系起来的潜力。它主要关注西欧的特定地点，其中包括法国和西班牙半岛的一些城市。使用未水合（氯化钠）和水合（硫酸钠）系统的溶解结晶事件数来参数化盐害。这些相变是根据观测气象数据和气候变化模型的输出（HadCM3和ARPEGE）使用每日温度和相对湿度计算得出的。将转变次数与气象季节数据进行比较，使我们能够开发出根据当地气候估算盐转变频率的技术。结果表明，有可能将Koppen-Geiger气候类型与潜在的盐风化联系起来。温带完全潮湿的气候似乎最有可能破坏盐分，并可能在夏季增加过渡次数。夏季干燥的气候在夏季的过渡频率较小。对气候变化模型的温度，降水和相对产出的分析表明，科彭-盖革气候类型发生了变化，盐分破坏方式也发生了变化。例如，气候完全潮湿的西欧地区可能会变为更像地中海的气候或干旱气候，因此，不同盐分的季节变化也随之而来。同时运行多个气候模型（集合）可能会提高预测的准确性和可靠性。

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