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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Characterization of particle emission from household electrical appliances
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Characterization of particle emission from household electrical appliances

机译：家用电器颗粒排放的表征

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The release of ultra-fine particles from equipment of daily use is currently a topic of high public concern. The present study reports on the measurement of 12 household appliances such as toasters, grills, and hair dryers in an emission test chamber regarding the release of particles between 5.6 and 560 nm. The devices were new at the time experiments started and had never been used for their original purpose. For instance, toasters and sandwich-makers were tested without the presence of food or residues from prior usage. During the experiments the devices released aerosols with count mean diameters mainly below 100 nm. Within the operating phase high quantities of 10 nm particles are released which form larger particles by agglomeration. The origin of the particles can be attributed to the heated surfaces but cleaning these surfaces only had a minor influence on the emission strength. The released particles are evaporated in a thermodenuder between 150 ℃ and 200 ℃. These findings indicate the particles to be formed from semi-volatile organic compounds. However, the compounds are not located on the heated surfaces and are not released as supersaturated vapor because emission is continuous over the operating phase of the device. Furthermore, the contribution of oxygen to the formation process can be neglected because the emission can also be detected in a nitrogen atmosphere. However, the presence of additional organic compounds in the surrounding air was found to be influencing the growth of the particles within the operating phase. All in all the tested household appliances were strong particle emission sources even when there was no contact with food or clothing.
机译：从日用设备中释放超细颗粒是当前引起公众高度关注的话题。本研究报告了在发射测试室中对12个家用电器（例如烤面包机，烤架和吹风机）的测量，有关5.6和560 nm之间的颗粒释放。这些设备在实验开始时是新设备，从未用于其原始用途。例如，对烤面包机和三明治机进行了测试，没有食品或先前使用的残留物。在实验过程中，设备释放的气溶胶的计数平均直径主要低于100 nm。在操作阶段内，释放出大量的10 nm颗粒，这些颗粒通过团聚形成更大的颗粒。颗粒的起源可以归因于加热的表面，但是清洁这些表面仅对发射强度有较小的影响。释放的颗粒在150℃至200℃的热剥蚀器中蒸发。这些发现表明颗粒是由半挥发性有机化合物形成的。但是，这些化合物没有位于受热的表面上，也不会作为过饱和蒸气释放，因为在该设备的整个运行过程中发射都是连续的。此外，可以忽略氧气对形成过程的贡献，因为还可以在氮气氛中检测到排放。但是，发现周围空气中其他有机化合物的存在会影响操作阶段内颗粒的生长。在所有测试过的家用电器中，即使没有与食物或衣物接触，它们也是强烈的颗粒物排放源。

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