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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Integrated risk assessment and risk governance as socio-political phenomena: A synthetic view of the challenges
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Integrated risk assessment and risk governance as socio-political phenomena: A synthetic view of the challenges

机译：作为社会政治现象的综合风险评估和风险治理：对挑战的综合看法

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To call for integration in risk assessment and governance as a self-evident goal is deceptively easy. For more insight, we ask: what level and kind of integration and for what purposes is needed and sufficient? What opportunities and obstacles can be identified for integrative treatment of risks? What causes and impacts are there of developments in risk integration? To answer these questions we investigate the socio-political processes and factors surrounding integrated risk assessment and risk governance through a combination of literature reviews and original research. We emphasize regulatory assessment and governance of risks associated with chemicals in the EU, but we link them with other areas to better grasp options and problems in integration. We relate the problems to political factors and barriers in sector and vertical integration, including deviating interests, and further to conflicting information, concepts and mindsets. Risk assessment and risk governance involve varying notions of risks and knowledge, with tensions between stressor- or impact-oriented, exclusive or inclusive, positivist or relativist, and fixed or reflexive notions and approaches. These tensions influence the trajectories of integration between sectors, actors and regions, constraining the fulfillment of ideals of integrated governance. We conclude that risk assessment and governance can be integrated, harmonized and innovated to a limit only, but this limit is variable and flexible, and provides opportunities especially if attention is paid to the socio-political contexts, value choices and decision structures in each case. Generally, the results underline a reflexive approach whereby the meanings, framings and implications of risk integration are probed in open processes of deliberation and negotiation, as a learning process to transcend the formal and prescriptive modes of regulation and knowledge generation.
机译：要求将风险评估和治理整合作为不言而喻的目标，从表面上看很容易。为了获得更多的见解，我们问：集成的水平和种类以及什么目的是必要和充分的？可以识别出哪些风险和机遇进行综合处理？风险整合的发展有哪些原因和影响？为了回答这些问题，我们通过文献综述和原始研究相结合的方式，研究了围绕综合风险评估和风险治理的社会政治过程和因素。我们强调欧盟中与化学品相关的风险的法规评估和治理，但我们将它们与其他领域联系在一起，以更好地把握整合中的选项和问题。我们将问题与部门和纵向整合中的政治因素和障碍（包括利益偏离）相关，并进一步将其与矛盾的信息，概念和思维方式联系起来。风险评估和风险治理涉及各种风险和知识概念，其中以压力为导向或以影响为导向，排他性或包容性，实证主义或相对主义以及固定或反身的概念和方法之间存在张力。这些紧张关系影响着部门，行为者和区域之间一体化的轨迹，从而限制了一体化治理理想的实现。我们得出的结论是，风险评估和治理只能进行整合，协调和创新，只有一个极限，但是这个极限是可变的和灵活的，并且提供了机会，尤其是在每种情况下都关注社会政治环境，价值选择和决策结构时。一般而言，结果强调了一种反思性方法，通过这种方法，可以在开放的协商和谈判过程中探究风险整合的含义，框架和含义，以此作为一种学习过程，可以超越监管和知识生成的正式和规定性模式。

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