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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Occurrence and removal of estrogens and beta blockers by various processes in wastewater treatment plants
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Occurrence and removal of estrogens and beta blockers by various processes in wastewater treatment plants

机译：废水处理厂中各种过程中雌激素和β受体阻滞剂的发生和清除

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This study aims at evaluating occurrence and treatment efficiency of five estrogenic hormones and ten beta blockers in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The use of consistent sampling procedures, analytical techniques and data processing enabled to achieve an accurate comparison of the performances of the different treatment processes. First, the occurrence of molecules was evaluated in fourteen rural and urban WWTP located in France. Free and total estrogens were analyzed showing that more than 84% of estrogens in the dissolved phase of influent samples are in the free form. In effluent samples, comparable mean values but higher variation are underlined (RSD from 13 to 54% depending on the estrogen, compared to 11-21% for influents). Most of the target molecules are quantified in 30 influent and 31 effluent samples. Similar occurrence frequencies are obtained for influents from rural (6 WWTP) and urban areas (8 WWTP), except for betaxolol which is only quantified in urban wastewaters. Removal efficiencies of 8 biological treatments were studied: suspended growth biomass (activated sludge) and attached growth systems (biofilter, rotating biological contactor, reed-bed filter, trickling filter). Biological treatments are efficient to remove estrogens from the dissolved phase, with removal rate around 90%. For beta blockers, acebutolol and nadolol are efficiently removed (mean removal rate of 80%), whereas sotalol and propranolol are hardly impacted by biological treatments (removal rate below 20%). Finally, 9 tertiary treatment processes were evaluated. Ozonation, reverse osmosis and activated carbon filtration prove a high removal efficiency for beta blockers (above 80%). On the contrary, high speed chemical settler, sand filtration, silex filtration, microfiltration and UV present generally removal rates below 30% for all beta blockers. The polishing pond studied presents variable removal performances depending on the molecules (up to 75% for propranolol). The role of the hydraulic retention time on the removal efficiencies is confirmed.
机译：这项研究旨在评估废水处理厂（WWTP）中5种雌激素和10种β受体阻滞剂的发生和处理效率。使用一致的采样程序，分析技术和数据处理，可以对不同处理过程的性能进行准确比较。首先，在法国的十四个农村和城市污水处理厂对分子的存在进行了评估。分析了游离和总雌激素，表明进水样品溶解相中超过84％的雌激素为游离形式。在废水样品中，下划线标出了可比较的平均值，但变化较大（RSD从13％降至54％，取决于雌激素，而废水的RSD为11-21％）。大多数目标分子在30个进水样品和31个废水样品中进行了定量。对于农村地区（6污水处理厂）和城市地区（8污水处理厂）的进水，获得了相似的发生频率，但仅在城市废水中定量的倍他洛尔除外。研究了8种生物处理的去除效率：悬浮生长生物质（活性污泥）和附着的生长系统（生物滤池，旋转生物接触器，芦苇床滤池，滴滤池）。生物处理可有效去除溶解相中的雌激素，去除率约为90％。对于β受体阻滞剂，可以有效地去除乙酰丁酚和那多洛尔（平均去除率为80％），而生物处理几乎不影响索他洛尔和普萘洛尔（去除率低于20％）。最后，评估了9个三级处理过程。臭氧，反渗透和活性炭过滤证明对β受体阻滞剂具有较高的去除效率（超过80％）。相反，对于所有β阻滞剂，高速化学沉降器，砂滤，硅酸盐过滤，微滤和UV去除率通常低于30％。所研究的抛光池根据分子的不同而具有不同的去除性能（普萘洛尔的去除率高达75％）。确认了水力停留时间对去除效率的作用。

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