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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Impact of climate variability on tropospheric ozone
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Impact of climate variability on tropospheric ozone

机译：气候变化对流层臭氧的影响

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A simulation with the climate-chemistry model (CCM) E39/C is presented, which covers both the troposphere and stratosphere dynamics and chemistry during the period 1960 to 1999. Although the CCM, by its nature, is not exactly representing observed day-by-day meteorology, there is an overall model's tendency to correctly reproduce the variability pattern due to an inclusion of realistic external forcings, like observed sea surface temperatures (e.g. El Nino), major volcanic eruption, solar cycle, concentrations of greenhouse gases, and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. Additionally, climate-chemistry interactions are included, like the impact of ozone, methane, and other species on radiation and dynamics, and the impact of dynamics on emissions (lightning). However, a number of important feedbacks are not yet included (e.g. feedbacks related to biogenic emissions and emissions due to biomass burning). The results show a good representation of the evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer, including the ozone hole, which plays an important role for the simulation of natural variability of tropospheric ozone. Anthropogenic NO_x emissions are included with a step-wise linear trend for each sector, but no interannual variability is included. The application of a number of diagnostics (e.g. marked ozone tracers) allows the separation of the impact of various processes/emissions on tropospheric ozone and shows that the simulated Northern Hemisphere tropospheric ozone budget is not only dominated by nitrogen oxide emissions and other ozone pre-cursors, but also by changes of the stratospheric ozone budget and its flux into the troposphere, which tends to reduce the simulated positive trend in tropospheric ozone due to emissions from industry and traffic during the late 80s and early 90s. For tropical regions the variability in ozone is dominated by variability in lightning (related to ENSO) and stratosphere-troposphere exchange (related to Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric dynamics and solar activity). Since tropospheric background chemistry is regarded only, the results are quantitatively limited with respect to derived trends. However, the main results are regarded to be robust. Although the horizontal resolution is rather coarse in comparison to regional models, such kind of simulations provide useful and necessary information on the impact of large-scale processes and inter-annual/decadal variations on regional air quality.
机译：提出了使用气候化学模型（CCM）E39 / C进行的模拟，该模拟涵盖了1960年至1999年期间的对流层和平流层动力学和化学性质。尽管CCM本质上不能完全代表逐日观察到的情况当今的气象学，由于包括现实的外在强迫，例如观测到的海面温度（例如厄尔尼诺现象），主要的火山喷发，太阳周期，温室气体的浓度和准，存在一个整体模型趋向于正确地再现变异性的趋势。 -两年一次的振荡。此外，还包括气候化学相互作用，例如臭氧，甲烷和其他物种对辐射和动力学的影响，以及动力学对排放（闪电）的影响。但是，尚未包括许多重要的反馈（例如，与生物排放和生物质燃烧引起的排放有关的反馈）。结果表明，平流层臭氧层（包括臭氧孔）的演化很好地表现出来，这对模拟对流层臭氧的自然变化具有重要作用。每个部门的人为NO_x排放均呈逐步线性趋势，但不包括年际变化。通过使用多种诊断程序（例如标记的臭氧示踪剂），可以分离出各种过程/排放对流层臭氧的影响，并表明模拟的北半球对流层臭氧预算不仅由氮氧化物排放和其他臭氧预占所决定。游标，但也受平流层臭氧预算及其流入对流层的通量变化的影响，由于工业和交通在80年代末至90年代初的排放，趋向于减少对流层臭氧的模拟正趋势。对于热带地区，臭氧的变化主要由闪电（与ENSO有关）和平流层-对流层交换（与北半球平流层动力学和太阳活动有关）的变化所决定。由于仅考虑对流层背景化学，因此就得出的趋势而言，结果在数量上受到限制。但是，主要结果被认为是可靠的。尽管与区域模型相比，水平分辨率相当粗糙，但是这种模拟提供了有关大规模过程和年际/年代际变化对区域空气质量的影响的有用和必要的信息。

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