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Gravitational-Wave Limits from Pulsar Timing Constrain Supermassive Black Hole Evolution

机译:脉冲星计时的引力波极限限制了超大质量黑洞的演化

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摘要

The formation and growth processes of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are not well constrained. SMBH population models, however, provide specific predictions for the properties of the gravitational-wave background (GWB) from binary SMBHs in merging galaxies throughout the universe. Using observations from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, we constrain the fractional GWB energy density (Ω_(GW)) with 95% confidence to be Ω_(GW)(H_0/73 kilometers per second per megaparsec)~2 < 1.3 × 10~(-9) (where H_0 is the Hubble constant) at a frequency of 2.8 nanohertz, which is approximately a factor of 6 more stringent than previous limits. We compare our limit to models of the SMBH population and find inconsistencies at confidence levels between 46 and 91%. For example, the standard galaxy formation model implemented in the Millennium Simulation Project is inconsistent with our limit with 50% probability.
机译:超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的形成和生长过程没有受到很好的限制。然而,SMBH种群模型通过合并整个星系中的双星SMBH,提供了对重力波背景(GWB)性质的特定预测。利用帕克斯脉冲序列定时阵列的观测结果,我们将具有95%置信度的GWB分数能量密度(Ω_(GW))约束为Ω_(GW)(H_0 / 73公里/秒/兆帕秒)〜2 <1.3×10〜( -9)(其中H_0是哈勃常数)的频率为2.8纳赫,大约比以前的极限值严格6倍。我们将极限值与SMBH人口模型进行比较,发现置信水平在46%到91%之间不一致。例如,千年模拟项目中实施的标准星系形成模型与我们的限制不一致,概率为50%。

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  • 来源
    《Science》 |2013年第6156期|334-337|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia,School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia;

    School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;

    Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia;

    Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia,International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia,CSIRO Advanced Scientific Computing, Information Management and Technology, Private Bag 33, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia;

    School of Physics, Monash University, Post Office Box 27, Victoria 3800, Australia;

    Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia;

    CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Parkes Observatory, Post Office Box 276, Parkes, New South Wales 2870, Australia;

    Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia;

    Max-Planck-lnstitut fuer Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hiigel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany;

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia,Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China;

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