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Evolutionary Development of the Middle Ear in Mesozoic Therian Mammals

机译:中生代Therian哺乳动物中耳的进化发展

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摘要

The definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) is defined by the loss of embryonic Meckel's cartilage and disconnection of the middle ear from the mandible in adults. It is a major feature distinguishing living mammals from nonmammalian vertebrates. We report a Cretaceous trechnotherian mammal with an ossified Meckel's cartilage in the adult, showing that homoplastic evolution of the DMME occurred in derived therian mammals, besides the known cases of eutriconodonts. The mandible with ossified Meckel's cartilage appears to be paedomorphic. Reabsorption of embryonic Meckel's cartilage to disconnect the ear ossicles from the mandible is patterned by a network of genes and signaling pathways. This fossil suggests that developmental heterochrony and gene patterning are major mechanisms in homplastic evolution of the DMME.
机译:最终的哺乳动物中耳(DMME)的定义是胚胎Meckel软骨的丧失和中耳与下颌骨的分离。这是区分活哺乳动物和非哺乳动物脊椎动物的主要特征。我们报道了在成年期白垩纪的Trechnotherian哺乳动物,其成骨的Meckel软骨骨化,表明DMME的同胚进化发生在衍生的泰里安哺乳动物中,除了已知的真金刚牙病例。下颌骨合并有Meckel软骨,看来是古猿状的。基因和信号通路网络可重塑胚胎的麦克尔软骨,使耳小骨与下颌骨断开连接。该化石表明,发育异质性和基因模式是DMME同系进化的主要机制。

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  • 来源
    《Science》 |2009年第5950期|278-281|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;

    Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;

    Henan Geological Museum, Zhengzhou 450003, China;

    Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;

    Henan Geological Museum, Zhengzhou 450003, China.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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