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The Sturdy Child vs.the Sword of Damocles: Nuclear Weapons and the Expected Cost of War

机译:健壮的孩子与达摩克利斯之剑:核武器和预期战争成本

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摘要

Is the world better off with nuclear weapons or without? Nuclear pessimists point to the potentially devastating costs of a nuclear war. Nuclear optimists argue that nuclear weapons reduce the likelihood of war and are thus beneficial. This debate is inconclusive in part because it misses an important conceptual point. We should care both about the cost of war and the likelihood of war, as they combine to form the expected cost of war, which is the product of the two. I discuss five implications of focusing on expected costs. Three support the pessimists: (1) nuclear weapons raise the upper limit on how destructive wars can be; (2) there may be a floor on how low the likelihood of war can go; and (3) risk aversion over damage will raise the expected cost of nuclear war. The remaining two support the optimists: (4) strategic models exhibit a declining expected cost of war; and (5) casualty data show that the expected cost of war is declining over its observed range in the past two hundred years.
机译:有没有核武器,世界会更好吗?核悲观主义者指出了核战争的潜在毁灭性代价。核乐观主义者认为,核武器减少了战争的可能性,因此是有益的。这场辩论没有定论,部分是因为它错过了一个重要的概念点。我们应该同时关注战争的成本和战争的可能性,因为它们结合在一起形成了预期的战争成本,这是两者的产物。我讨论了关注预期成本的五个含义。三个支持悲观主义者的观点:(1)核武器提高了破坏性战争的上限; (2)战争的可能性到底有多低? (3)对损害的风险规避将增加核战争的预期成本。剩下的两个支持乐观主义者:(4)战略模型的预期战争成本下降了。 (5)伤亡数据表明,在过去200年中,预期的战争成本正在其观察范围内下降。

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  • 来源
    《Security studies》 |2019年第4期|645-676|共32页
  • 作者

    Kydd Andrew H.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Polit Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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