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The Feasibility of Neutron Moderation Imaging for Land Mine Detection

机译：中子适度成像在地雷探测中的可行性

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Neutron moderation land mine detection involves irradiating the ground with fast neutrons and subsequently detecting the thermalized neutrons which return. This technique has been studied since the 1950s, but only using non-imaging detectors. Without imaging, natural variations in moisture content, surface irregularities, and sensor height variations produce sufficient false alarms to render the method impractical in all but the driest conditions. This paper describes research to design and build a prototype land mine detector based on neutron moderation imaging. After reviewing various neutron detector technologies, a design concept was developed. It consists of a novel thermal neutron imaging system, a unique neutron source to uniformly irradiate the underlying ground, and hardware and software for image generation and enhancement. A proof-of-principle imager has been built, but with a point source offset from the detector to roughly approximate a very weak uniform source at the detector plane. Imagery from the detector of mine surrogates is presented. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the same two dimensional neutron imaging geometry as the detector in order to assess its performance. The target-to-background contrast was calculated for various soil types and moisture contents, explosive types and sizes, burial depths, detector standoffs, and ground height variations. The simulations showed that the neutron moderation imager is feasible as a land mine detector in a slow scanning or confirmation role and that image quality should be sufficient to significantly improve detector performance and reduce false alarm rates compared to non-imaging albedo detection, particularly in moist soils, where surface irregularities exist and when the sensor height is uncertain. Performance capability, including spatial resolution and detection times, was estimated.
机译：中子缓和地雷探测包括用快速中子照射地面，然后探测返回的热中子。自1950年代以来就已经研究了这种技术，但是仅使用了非成像检测器。没有成像，水分含量的自然变化，表面不规则以及传感器高度的变化会产生足够的错误警报，从而使该方法在最干燥的条件下（除最干燥的条件下）都不切实际。本文介绍了基于中子适度成像技术设计和建造原型地雷探测器的研究。在审查了各种中子探测器技术之后，提出了一种设计概念。它由一个新颖的热中子成像系统，一个均匀地照射下面的地面的独特中子源以及用于图像生成和增强的硬件和软件组成。已经建立了原理证明成像器，但是点源偏离检测器，以大致逼近检测器平面上非常弱的均匀源。呈现了来自替代矿物质探测器的图像。为了评估其性能，使用与探测器相同的二维中子成像几何结构进行了逼真的蒙特卡洛模拟。针对各种土壤类型和水分含量，爆炸物的类型和大小，埋葬深度，探测器的对峙情况以及地面高度变化，计算了目标与背景的对比度。仿真表明，中子适度成像仪可以作为慢速扫描或确认角色的地雷探测器，并且与非成像反照率探测相比，图像质量应足以显着提高探测器性能并降低误报率，尤其是在潮湿环境中存在表面不平整且传感器高度不确定的土壤。评估了性能，包括空间分辨率和检测时间。

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