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首页> 外文期刊>Sensors Journal, IEEE >Planar Electromagnetic Sensor Based Estimation of Nitrate Contamination in Water Sources Using Independent Component Analysis
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Planar Electromagnetic Sensor Based Estimation of Nitrate Contamination in Water Sources Using Independent Component Analysis

机译：基于独立分量分析的基于平面电磁传感器的水源硝酸盐污染估算

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摘要

The main advantages of electromagnetic sensors can be listed as low-cost, convenient, suitable for in-situ measurement system, rapid response, and high durability. In this paper, the output parameters of the planar electromagnetic sensor have been observed with different kind of water samples at different concentrations. The output parameters have been derived and tested to be incorporated with independent component analysis (ICA) and used as inputs for an analysis model. The analysis model targeted to estimate the amount of nitrate contamination in water samples with the assistance of ICA based on FastICA fixed point algorithm under the contrast functions of pow3, tanh, gauss, and skew. Nitrates sample in the form of ammonium nitrates (NH4NO3), each of different concentration between 5 mg and 20 mg dissolved in 1 litre of deionized water (Milli-Q) was used as one of the main references. The analysis model was tested with eight sets of mixed NH4NO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 water samples. It is seen from the results that the model can acceptably detect the presence of nitrate added in Milli-Q water and capable of distinguishing the concentration level in the presence of other type of contamination. The system and approach presented in this paper has the potential to be used as a useful low-cost tool for water sources monitoring.
机译：电磁传感器的主要优点可列举为低成本，方便，适用于原位测量系统，响应速度快和耐用性高。在本文中，已经用不同浓度的不同种类的水样本观察了平面电磁传感器的输出参数。输出参数已导出并经过测试，可与独立成分分析（ICA）结合使用，并用作分析模型的输入。该分析模型旨在在基于pow3，tanh，gauss和skew的对比函数的基础上，借助基于FastICA定点算法的ICA来估计ICA中的硝酸盐污染量。硝酸盐样品以硝酸铵（NH 4 NO 3 ）的形式溶解在1升去离子水中（Milli-Q ）用作主要参考资料之一。用八组混合的NH 4 NO 3 和（NH 4 ） 2 HPO < sub> 4 水样。从结果可以看出，该模型可以可接受地检测Milli-Q水中添加的硝酸盐的存在，并且能够区分存在其他类型污染物的浓度水平。本文介绍的系统和方法有潜力用作有用的低成本水源监测工具。

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