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Coastal dune vulnerability of the Nador lagoon and Moulouya river outlet, Morocco

机译：摩洛哥纳多尔泻湖和穆卢亚河出口的沿海沙丘脆弱性

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摘要

The dune ecosystem of the coastal lagoon of Nador and the Moulouya river outlet, Morocco, represents an interface between the Mediterranean and coastal wetlands (Nador lagoon, Moulouya outlet), which are all Ramsar sites. Vulnerability assessment of this ecosystem and effective decision making for its protection depends on the availability of quality information and the need to control a number of parameters which affect the natural ecosystem. Vulnerability assessment, protection, and management of the lagoon (four study sites) and the Moulouya outlet (two study sites) located respectively in Nador and Berkane provinces, was undertaken via a systems approach that integrates a 54-parameter dune ecosystem checklist. The morphology and location of the dunes (A) contains eight parameters; beach state (B) uses nine parameters, the external character of the coast - a distance of 200 m - (C) synthesizes 12 parameters, pressure of use (D) has 14 parameters, and 11 parameters comprise the protective measures involved (E). The percentage of each category of parameters is calculated, and the vulnerability index (Ⅵ) is obtained by adding the estimates of the 43 parameters of categories A-D. The percentage of protection measures (PM) is calculated from the parametric section (E). These two indices are the basis for calculating the ratio Ⅵ / PM, which determines the balance within the dune ecosystem. Values between 0.8 and 1.3 suggests that the system is in equilibrium; sites with values ＜ 0.8 (positive phase) are out of equilibrium because they are highly protected; those with a ratio of ＞ 1.3 are out of equilibrium (negative phase) because they are under-protected. The Nador coastal lagoon dune system has two sites in equilibrium (Al Jazira and Kariat Arekmane) and two which indicate a negative phase (Boukana and Al Mohandis). For the Moulouya outlet the dune ecosystem is in a positive phase of equilbrium. These findings indicate the direction that management should take regarding coastal dune ecosystems in eastern Morocco.
机译：Nador沿海泻湖和摩洛哥的Moulouya河出口的沙丘生态系统代表了地中海和沿海湿地（Nador泻湖，Moulouya出口）之间的接口，这些湿地都是拉姆萨尔湿地。对这种生态系统的脆弱性评估以及对其保护的有效决策取决于质量信息的可用性以及控制影响自然生态系统的许多参数的需求。通过集成了54个参数沙丘生态系统清单的系统方法，对分别位于纳多尔和伯卡内省的泻湖（四个研究地点）和Moulouya出口（两个研究地点）进行了脆弱性评估，保护和管理。沙丘（A）的形态和位置包含八个参数。海滩状态（B）使用9个参数，海岸的外部特征-距离200 m-（C）综合12个参数，使用压力（D）有14个参数，其中11个参数构成所涉及的保护措施（E） 。计算每个参数类别的百分比，并通过将A-D类的43个参数的估计值相加得出脆弱性指数（Ⅵ）。保护措施的百分比（PM）由参数部分（E）计算得出。这两个指标是计算Ⅵ/ PM比的基础，后者决定了沙丘生态系统内的平衡。介于0.8和1.3之间的值表明系统处于平衡状态。值<0.8的位点（正相）由于受到高度保护而处于不平衡状态；比率大于1.3的电池由于受到保护不足而无法达到平衡（负相）。纳多尔沿海泻湖沙丘系统有两个平衡点（Al Jazira和Kariat Arekmane），两个指示负相（Boukana和Al Mohandis）。对于Moulouya出口而言，沙丘生态系统处于平衡的积极阶段。这些发现表明，管理当局应在摩洛哥东部沿海沙丘生态系统方面采取方向。

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  • 来源
    《Shore and beach》 |2014年第2期|9-16|共8页
  • 作者

    A.T.Williams; Abdellatif Khattabi; Kemavo Anoumou;

  • 作者单位

    Swansea Metropolitan, University of Wales Trinity St David's Mt. Pleasant, Swansea, UK,e-Geo group, Nova Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;

    Ecole Nationale Fores tiere d'Ingenieurs, Morocco;

    Ecole Nationale Fores tiere d'Ingenieurs, Morocco;

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