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Effectiveness of response and implications for Area Contingency Planning: Deep water Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico

机译：响应的有效性和对区域应急计划的影响：墨西哥湾深水地平线漏油事件

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Many of the response efforts used during the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico were similar to those used 50 years ago during the first deepwater well blowout. Unfortunately, booming strategies were still largely ineffective due to a lack of information in the Area Contingency Plan and lack of implementation of decades of research on hydrodynamic effects and boom configurations. A discussion of strategies used in Perdido Pass, Alabama, Pensacola Pass, Florida, East Pass, Florida, and St. Andrews Pass, Florida, is presented to illustrate the need for technical boom designs based on hydro-dynamic forces and the need to incorporate such designs in contingency plans. Deployment times were slow in all of the inlets discussed. Structural failure was an issue in all of the inlets, prompting Perdido Pass and St. Andrews Pass to construct steel pile supported booms. Entrainment failure and improper boom angling occurred in all of the inlets except St. Andrews Pass (current speeds in St. Andrews Pass were slower than the others). Unequal levels of response across the areas are believed to have resulted from the lack of objective deployment of preset contingency plans. Onshore response and cleanup efforts are discussed to highlight topics that need to be addressed in the revised Area Contingency Plans. The Area Contingency Plan should incorporate environmental impact statements for the standard cleanup technologies to avoid ignorance of environmental considerations or delays in emergency permitting. Additionally, the Area Contingency Plan should consider all seasonal restrictions and events, i.e., sea turtle nesting season, hurricanes, and storm waves. While revisions of the Area Contingency Plans are needed immediately, incorporating the results of the long-term spill research as they become available will be essential to maintaining a useful Area Contingency Plan. By examining the effectiveness of the response measures implemented during the Deepwater Horizon spill, several of the items that need to be addressed in the revisions of the Area Contingency Plans have been identified.
机译：墨西哥湾BP Deepwater Horizo​​n溢油事故中使用的许多响应工作与50年前第一次深水井喷中使用的响应工作相似。不幸的是，由于缺乏地区应急计划中的信息，并且缺乏对水动力效应和动臂构型的数十年研究的实施，因此繁荣战略仍然很大程度上无效。讨论了在阿拉巴马州的Perdido Pass，佛罗里达的Pensacola Pass，佛罗里达的East Pass和佛罗里达的St.Andrews Pass使用的策略，以说明基于流体动力的技术吊杆设计的必要性以及整合的必要性应急计划中的此类设计。在所有讨论的入口中，部署时间都很慢。所有入口的结构故障都是一个问题，促使Perdido Pass和St. Andrews Pass建造钢桩支撑的吊杆。除圣安德鲁斯山口（圣安德鲁斯山口的当前速度比其他人慢）之外，所有入口均发生夹带故障和不当的吊臂倾斜。人们认为，由于缺乏客观地部署预设应急计划，导致各地区的反应水平不平等。讨论了陆上响应和清理工作，以突出显示修订后的《区域应急计划》中需要解决的主题。区域应急计划应将标准清洁技术的环境影响声明纳入其中，以避免忽视环境因素或紧急情况许可的延误。此外，《地区应变计划》应考虑所有季节性限制和事件，即海龟筑巢季节，飓风和风暴潮。尽管需要立即修订《区域应急计划》，但要纳入长期泄漏研究的结果（如果有的话），对于维持有用的《区域应急计划》至关重要。通过检查“深水地平线”溢油事故期间实施的应对措施的有效性，确定了“区域应急计划”修订版中需要解决的几个项目。

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