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首页> 外文期刊>Shore and beach >Geology and shoreline retreat at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA
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Geology and shoreline retreat at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA

机译：美国俄亥俄州伊利湖谢尔顿沼泽国家自然保护区的地质和海岸线撤退

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摘要

Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Erie on the east end of the 10.5 km-long Cedar Point sand spit. The preserve resembles an inverted "L" with a 1.8-km-long barrier beach that fronts Lake Erie and shields a wetland. Although the marsh only covers 465 acres (1.88 km~2), its ecological importance cannot be overemphasized because it is a small remnant of the fresh-water wetlands that once rimmed southwest Lake Erie and has become a critical stopover for migratory birds. The beach has suffered severe erosion since the 1950s, and protection and partial restoration of the sand barrier is essential to maintain the plant and animal communities, whose natural habitat has been severely restricted by urbanization and development along the Lake Erie shore. The shoreline at the preserve has been retreating throughout the 20th century. Between 1937 and 2003, the beach moved southward approximately 360 m. This averages to 5.4 m/year, but the retreat was episodic, with years of rapid retreat interspersed with periods of relative stability. The beach has been relatively stable during lower lake levels (post-1998). A water level rise in the future due to climatological factors (e.g., increased rainfall, less evaporation because of cloud cover, unexpected snow melt), would subject the barrier to significant damage from storm waves. The main cause of erosion along the Ohio shore is a lack of littoral sediment. The most immediate contributor to the sediment loss in the Sheldon Marsh area is the Huron Harbor structures, only 4900 m to the southeast. Because of the sheltering effect of the confined disposal facility at the Huron West Pier, significant amounts of sediment have been trapped next to the West pier, further depriving the littoral system of sediment. A lack of sediment indicates that erosion of the Sheldon Marsh barrier will occur under all Lake Erie water levels. However, higher water level will make the barrier narrower and therefore more vulnerable to breaches or overwash.
机译：Sheldon Marsh州自然保护区位于伊利湖西南岸，长10.5公里的Cedar Point沙嘴东端。该保护区就像一个倒置的“ L”形，有一个1.8公里长的屏障海滩，该海滩面向伊利湖并屏蔽湿地。尽管沼泽仅占地465英亩（1.88 km〜2），但其生态重要性却不能被过分强调，因为它是淡水湿地的一小部分，曾经环绕伊利湖西南，已成为候鸟的重要中转站。自1950年代以来，该海滩遭受了严重的侵蚀，对沙障的保护和部分恢复对于维持动植物群落至关重要，动植物群落的自然栖息地受到伊利湖沿岸城市化和发展的严重限制。在整个20世纪，保护区的海岸线一直在撤退。在1937年至2003年之间，海滩向南移动约360 m。平均值为5.4 m /年，但撤退是间歇性的，多年的快速撤退散布着相对稳定的时期。在较低的湖泊水位（1998年后），海滩一直相对稳定。由于气候因素（例如，降雨增加，由于云层覆盖而导致的蒸发减少，意外的雪融化），未来的水位将使障碍物受到风暴波的严重破坏。俄亥俄州沿岸侵蚀的主要原因是沿海沉积物的缺乏。谢尔顿沼泽地区造成沉积物流失最直接的原因是休伦港建筑物，其东南仅4900 m。由于休伦河西码头封闭式处置设施的掩护作用，西码头旁被大量的沉积物困住，进一步剥夺了沿岸系统的沉积物。缺乏沉积物表明在所有伊利湖水位下都会对谢尔顿沼泽屏障造成侵蚀。但是，较高的水位将使屏障更窄，因此更容易受到破坏或过度冲洗。

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