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Audio watermarking robust against time-scale modification and MP3 compression

机译：音频水印功能强大，可抵御时标修改和MP3压缩

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摘要

In continuation to earlier work where the problem of time-scale modification (TSM) has been studied [S. Xiang, J. Huang, R. Yang, Time-scale invariant audio watermarking based on the statistical features in time domain, in: Proceedings of the 8th Information Hiding Workshop (IH 2006), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4437, Springer, Berlin, pp. 93-108] by modifying the shape of histogram extracted from the time domain, here we consider the additional ingredient of resisting common signal processing operations, such as MP3 compression. In other words, we study the problem of the watermark against both TSM and lossy compression. To this end, in this paper we transfer the shape of audio histogram in the time domain to the low-frequency subband by: (ⅰ) segmenting an audio signal into portions in reference to the bin width of the time-domain histogram, (ⅱ) concatenating the portions in each bin, and (ⅲ) DWT filtering the concatenation of the portions in each bin. The watermark is inserted by shaping the histogram after the DWT by reassigning population in each group of three consecutive bins. Extensive testing shows that in comparison with the time-domain scheme [S. Xiang, J. Huang, R. Yang, Time-scale invariant audio watermarking based on the statistical features in time domain, in: Proceedings of the 8th Information Hiding Workshop (IH 2006), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4437, Springer, Berlin, pp. 93-108], the proposed DWT-based watermarking method is more robust to TSM, MP3 compression, etc.
机译：在先前工作的延续中，已研究了时标修改（TSM）问题[S. Xiang，J. Huang，R. Yang，基于时域统计特征的时标不变音频水印，载于：第八届信息隐藏研讨会论文集（IH 2006），计算机科学讲义，第1卷。 [4437，柏林，Springer，第93-108页]，通过修改从时域提取的直方图的形状，这里我们考虑了抵抗常见信号处理操作（例如MP3压缩）的其他因素。换句话说，我们研究了针对TSM和有损压缩的水印问题。为此，在本文中，我们通过以下方式将时域中的音频直方图的形状传递到低频子带：（ⅰ）参照时域直方图的bin宽度将音频信号分割为多个部分，（ⅱ ）合并每个bin中的部分，（D）DWT过滤每个bin中的部分的串联。通过在DWT之后对直方图进行整形来插入水印，方法是在每组三个连续bin中重新分配总体。广泛的测试表明，与时域方案相比[S． Xiang，J. Huang，R. Yang，基于时域统计特征的时标不变音频水印，载于：第八届信息隐藏研讨会论文集（IH 2006），计算机科学讲义，第1卷。 4437，柏林，Springer，第93-108页]，提出的基于DWT的水印方法对TSM，MP3压缩等具有更强的鲁棒性。

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