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Colonial violence and its 'Small Wars': fighting the Kuki 'guerillas' during the Great War in Northeast India,1917-1919

机译：殖民暴力及其“小规模战争”：在印度东北大战时期（1917-1919）与库吉族“游击队”作战

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摘要

This paper concerns the lesser known British counterinsurgency (COIN) operations in Northeast frontier of India during the First World War. Officially known as the 'Kuki Operations', it was considered as part of the Great War. Carried out in isolation from press and public, and shelved in colonial archives, the event remained invisible until today. Yet, it registers a critical case of colonial COIN doctrine where the 'moral effect' doctrine was employed without being questioned. It unleashed enormous amount of organized violence, ranging from shoot at sight to indiscriminate burning of villages, wholesale destruction of property and livestock, prevention of cultivation and rebuilding of villages, forced mass displacement in jungles or in 'concentration camps', and collective punishment (communal penal labour and payment of compensation) after the war. This paper argues that the theory of 'minimum force' and the practicability of the 'moral effect' doctrine as applied by the Empire, sit oddly with each other at the frontier, where violence was seen both as a natural and moral orders. Violence as an 'imperatively necessary' method to bring order in a disorderly frontier, in the opinion of colonial state, informs and registers Northeast India as geography of violence.
机译：本文涉及第一次世界大战期间在印度东北边境鲜为人知的英国平叛运动（COIN）。它被正式称为“ Kuki行动”，被视为一战的一部分。这项活动与新闻界和公众隔离开来，并保存在殖民档案中，直到今天仍不为人所知。然而，它记录了殖民地COIN主义的一个关键案例，在这种情况下，“道德效应”学说被采用而没有受到质疑。它引发了大规模的有组织的暴力活动，从开枪射击到滥杀滥杀村庄，大规模破坏财产和牲畜，防止村庄的耕种和重建，在丛林或``集中营''中强迫大规模流离失所，以及集体惩罚（战后的公共刑法劳动和赔偿）。本文认为，“最小武力”理论和帝国所运用的“道德效应”学说的实用性，在暴力被视为自然秩序和道德秩序的边疆地区是彼此奇怪的。殖民地国家认为，暴力是在无序的边界中维持秩序的“当务之急”方法，将印度东北地区列为暴力地理地区，并将其登记为暴力地区。

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