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The First Carlist War (1833-40), insurgency, Ramón Cabrera, and expeditionary warfare

机译:第一次卡利斯特战争(1833-40),叛乱,拉蒙·卡布雷拉和远征战

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摘要

The period 1833 to 1840 witnessed a brutal civil war in Spain waged between insurgent Carlists and the government Cristinos. The Carlists managed to secure reliable territorial control only over one part of Spain (upland Navarra and rural parts of the neighbouring Basque provinces). Although pockets of armed Carlism flourished elsewhere in Spain, especially in Catalonia, Aragon and Galicia, these insurgents were ineffective at coordinating actions. The Carlist court in the Basque country tried to break its strategic blockade by launching a series of expeditions into Cristino-held territory in the hope of destabilising the Madrid regime and consolidating distant insurrections. This article explains how and why these expeditions scored tactical victories but strategic failures. In particular it argues that Carlist raiding strategy was a failure, for its use of violence against real and imagined enemies in marginal and Cristino areas of control alienated civilian support.
机译:1833年至1840年,西班牙叛乱者卡利斯特(Carlists)和政府克里斯蒂诺斯(Cristinos)爆发了残酷的内战。 Carlists仅在西班牙的一个地区(纳瓦拉高地和邻近的巴斯克省的农村地区)设法获得了可靠的领土控制。尽管在西班牙其他地方,尤其是在加泰罗尼亚,阿拉贡和加利西亚,武装的卡尔制主义泛滥成灾,但这些叛乱分子在协调行动方面无能为力。巴斯克自治区的卡利斯特(Carlist)法院试图通过向克里斯蒂诺(Cristino)占领的领土发动一系列的远征来打破其战略封锁,以期破坏马德里政权的稳定并巩固遥远的叛乱。本文解释了这些探险如何以及为什么在战术上取得了胜利,但取得了战略上的失败。它特别指出,卡利斯特袭击策略是失败的,因为它对边缘和克里斯蒂诺控制地区的真实和想象中的敌人使用暴力,使平民的支持疏远了。

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