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Consideration of the Impacts of a Smart Neighborhood Load on Transformer Aging

机译：考虑智能邻域负载对变压器老化的影响

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摘要

Smart grid solutions with enabling technologies such as energy management systems (EMSs) and smart meters promote the vision of smart households, which also allows for active demand side in the residential sector. These technologies enable the control of residential consumption, local small-scale generation, and energy storage systems to respond to time-varying prices. However, shifting loads simultaneously to lower price periods is likely to put extra stress on distribution system assets such as distribution transformers. Especially, additional new types of loads/appliances such as electric vehicles (EVs) can introduce even more burden on the operation of these assets, which is an issue that needs special attention. Such extra stress can cause accelerated aging of distribution system assets and significantly affect the reliability of the system. In this paper, the impact of a smart neighborhood load on distribution transformer aging is investigated. The EMS of each household is designed to respond to prices and other signals emitted by the responsive load serving entity within the relevant demand response strategy. An optimization framework based on mixed-integer linear programming is presented in order to define the EMS structure. Then, the equivalent aging of the distribution transformer is examined with a thermal model under different scenarios. The case studies that are presented indicate that the integration of EVs in residential premises may indeed cause accelerated aging of the distribution transformers, while the need to investigate the efficiency of dynamic pricing mechanisms is rendered evident.
机译：具有诸如能源管理系统（EMS）和智能电表之类的支持技术的智能电网解决方案促进了智能家居的愿景，这也使住宅领域的需求活跃。这些技术可以控制居民消费，本地小规模发电和储能系统，以响应随时间变化的价格。但是，将负载同时转移到较低的价格时段可能会给配电系统资产（如配电变压器）带来更大的压力。尤其是，诸如电动汽车（EV）之类的其他新型负载/电器可能给这些资产的运营带来更多负担，这是一个需要特别注意的问题。这种额外的压力会导致配电系统资产加速老化，并严重影响系统的可靠性。本文研究了智能邻域负载对配电变压器老化的影响。每个家庭的EMS旨在响应相关需求响应策略中的响应负载服务实体发出的价格和其他信号。为了定义EMS结构，提出了一种基于混合整数线性规划的优化框架。然后，通过热模型在不同情况下检查配电变压器的等效老化。所提供的案例研究表明，在住宅场所中集成电动汽车的确可能会导致配电变压器的加速老化，而对动态定价机制效率的研究变得很明显。

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