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A Physical and Logical Security Framework for Multilevel AFCI Systems in Smart Grid

机译：智能电网中多层AFCI系统的物理和逻辑安全框架

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摘要

The arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) is expected to be one of the most essential components in smart grid systems for providing physical security and safety against electrical fire hazards caused by arc faults. As AFCIs are widely deployed as a part of mandatory installation requirements, a hierarchy consisting of multilevel AFCIs has been established, where a portable AFCI is connected serially to an outlet box AFCI. However, this multilevel AFCI structure causes serious problems when the AFCI detects arc faults in the surveillance area of its descendant AFCIs. This can cause de-energizing of the entire area covered by the upper-level AFCI, which may lead to blackouts over large areas. This paper proposes an integrated security framework comprised of physical and logical security measures as a solution for this problem. Firstly, the problem is tackled through communication between the hierarchy levels. Since the proposed system deals with physical security and safety, the communication must guarantee reliable message delivery within the specified deadlines. A controller area network (CAN) is chosen as the communication technology because it provides deterministic message delivery that meets the system requirements. Moreover, CAN has the advantages of verified performance and cost competitiveness through accelerated industrial adoption. Along with the physical security framework, a logical security framework is also proposed with group key management that prevents unauthorized access. Finally, this paper reports an integrated methodology for optimizing the design parameters satisfying the bandwidth and security demands of physical and logical measures because both demands competitively share a common communication resource.
机译：电弧故障断路器（AFCI）有望成为智能电网系统中最重要的组件之一，以提供物理安全性和安全性，防止电弧故障引起的电气火灾危险。由于AFCI作为强制安装要求的一部分而广泛部署，因此已经建立了一个由多层AFCI组成的层次结构，其中便携式AFCI串行连接到插座AFCI。但是，当AFCI在其后代AFCI的监视区域中检测到电弧故障时，这种多层AFCI结构会引起严重的问题。这可能会导致上级AFCI覆盖的整个区域断电，从而可能导致大面积停电。本文提出了一个由物理和逻辑安全措施组成的集成安全框架，以解决此问题。首先，通过层次结构层次之间的通信解决该问题。由于建议的系统涉及物理安全性，因此通信必须保证在指定的期限内可靠地传递消息。选择控制器局域网（CAN）作为通信技术，因为它提供了满足系统要求的确定性消息传递。此外，CAN的优势在于可以通过加速工业应用来验证性能和成本竞争力。除了物理安全框架之外，还提出了带有组密钥管理的逻辑安全框架，以防止未经授权的访问。最后，本文报告了一种用于优化设计参数的集成方法，该设计参数可以满足带宽和物理和逻辑措施的安全性要求，因为这两种要求都竞争性地共享公共通信资源。

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