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Grid-Constrained Distributed Optimization for Frequency Control With Low-Voltage Flexibility

机译:低压柔性频率控制的网格约束分布式优化

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摘要

Providing frequency control services with flexible assets connected to the low-voltage distribution grid, amongst which residential battery storage or electrical hot water boilers, can lead to congestion problems and voltage issues in the distribution grid. In order to mitigate these problems, a new regulation has been put in place in Belgium, imposing a specific constraint: in any circle with a radius of 100 m, there can be at maximum 10 connection points providing frequency control at any time. This paper presents an impact analysis and a coordination strategy of a flexibility service provider (FSP) that operates a pool of assets and is exposed to this new regulatory constraint. Results show that at 5 participation, only 90 of total control capacity can be used, with a large difference between neighbourhoods with different population densities. A distributed optimization framework to coordinate the assets arises naturally, in which the assets are able to keep their local cost functions private and only have to communicate with neighbouring assets that are geographically close, and with the FSP. Analysis of the proposed distributed optimization algorithm shows a clear trade-off between optimality gap, owing to the mixed-integer nature of the problem, and iterations to convergence.
机译:为频率控制服务提供连接到低压配电网的灵活资产,其中住宅电池存储或电热水锅炉会导致配电网中的拥塞问题和电压问题。为了减轻这些问题,比利时制定了一项新法规,施加了一个特定的约束条件:在半径为100 m的任何圆中,最多可以有10个连接点随时提供频率控制。本文介绍了灵活性服务提供商(FSP)的影响分析和协调策略,该提供商运营着资产池,并受到这一新的监管约束。结果表明,在5个参与者的参与下,只能使用90%的总控制能力,不同人口密度的社区之间的差别很大。一个自然而然的分布式优化框架可以协调资产,在这种优化框架中,资产能够将其本地成本函数保持私有状态,并且只需要与地理位置较近的相邻资产以及FSP通信即可。对所提出的分布式优化算法的分析表明,由于问题的混合整数性质,最优间隙与最优迭代之间存在明显的权衡。

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