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Distributed demand response market model for facilitating wind power integration

机译：分布式需求响应市场模型促进风力集成

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摘要

To cope with wind power uncertainty, balancing authorities are required to procure adequate ancillary services (ASs) with the aim of maintaining the security of the power system operation. The transmission system operator (TSO) is responsible for maintaining the balance between supply and demand in delivery hours. Besides the generating units, demand response (DR) has the potential capabilities to be considered as a source of AS. The demand-side AS can be used both locally (by the local entities in distribution networks) and system-wide (by the TSO). However, the optimal coordination between the local and global beneficiaries is a challenging task. This study proposes a distributed DR market model, in which the DR is traded as a public good among the providers and beneficiaries through the local DR markets. The local DR markets can be run in each load bus to trade the DR provided by retail customers connected to that bus with the buyers. To include the interactions between the energy/reserve market and the local DR markets, a bi-level programming model is proposed. The bi-level problem is translated into a single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem using the duality theorem. The proposed model is verified by simple and realistic case studies.
机译：为了应对风力不确定性，需要平衡当局来采购足够的辅助服务（ASS），以维持电力系统运行的安全性。传输系统操作员（TSO）负责维持交货时间在供需和需求之间的平衡。除了发电机组之外，需求响应（DR）具有被视为源的潜在能力。需求侧可以在本地使用（由分发网络中的本地实体）和系统范围（由TSO）。然而，本地和全球受益者之间的最佳协调是一项挑战性的任务。本研究提出了分布式DR市场模型，其中DR通过当地博士市场作为公众交易作为公众利益。本地博士市场可以在每个负载总线中运行，以交易由买家连接到该巴士的零售客户提供的DR。包括在能源/储备市场与本地DR市场之间的相互作用，提出了一种双级编程模型。双级问题使用二元定理转换为单级混合整数线性编程问题。通过简单和现实的案例研究验证了所提出的模型。

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