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Influence of competition level on referees' decision-making in handball

机译：比赛水平对手球裁判员决策的影响

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The influence of competition level on referees' decision-making was investigated. Referees' decisions in 90 handball games (30 games X 3 competition levels) were observed in different situations related to the advantage rule, and 100 referees from two different levels of expertise were subsequently asked to offer explanations for the competitionlevel effects from the first part of the study. Results revealed that at the highest level of competition referees intervened less frequently with sporting sanctions, but more frequently with disciplinary sanctions. These effects were apparent mainly in immediate intervention situations and unsuccessful advantage situations, but not in successful situations. Referees explained these effects of competition level in terms of a player competence stereotype, in addition to referees' different expertise across competition level. The implications of the findings for understanding how status-related stereotypes impact on intervention behavior are discussed.
机译：研究了比赛水平对裁判决策的影响。在与优势规则相关的不同情况下，观察了90场手球比赛（30场比赛X 3场比赛级别）中裁判的决定，随后要求来自两个不同专业水平的100名裁判对比赛水平的影响做出解释。研究。结果显示，在最高级别的比赛中，裁判员较少采用体育制裁的方式进行干预，而采用纪律制裁的频率较高。这些影响主要在即时干预情况和不成功的优势情况下显而易见，而在成功情况下则不明显。裁判员根据选手能力的刻板印象解释了比赛水平的这些影响，此外还有裁判员在整个比赛水平上的不同专长。讨论了这些发现对于理解与状态相关的刻板印象如何影响干预行为的意义。

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