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首页> 外文期刊>Social Sciences in China >From “tianxia” (all under heaven) to “the world”: changes in late Qing intellectuals' conceptions of human society
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From “tianxia” (all under heaven) to “the world”: changes in late Qing intellectuals' conceptions of human society

机译：从“天下”（天下）到“世界”：晚清知识分子人类社会观念的变化

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摘要

“” “”“” “”“” “”“”“” “”“”“” “” The concept of tianxia (all under heaven) had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to “the world” and “China.” It was generally believed that China's recent history saw a process in which tianxia contracted into a “state.” However, if we put the emphasis on what the Chinese literati had in mind, the process was more of a transformation from tianxia to “the world.” Kang Youwei creatively transformed Gongyang's idea of the “Three Worlds” from a diachronic to a synchronic concept, facilitating a smooth transformation from tianxia to “the world.” However, China was excluded from the Western-dominated “world” system. The Chinese literati's yearning to become a part of “the world,” and their endeavor to earn China a better position in the world, involved a hesitant process of exploration.
机译：“天下”（全天下）的概念在传统中国既有广义的含义也有狭义的含义，分别对应于“世界”和“中国”。人们普遍认为，中国的近代历史见证了天峡沦为“国家”的过程。但是，如果我们把重点放在中国文人的思想上，那么这个过程更多是从天下到“世界”的转变。康有为创造性地将公羊的“三个世界”的观念从历时性转变为共时性，从而促进了从天下到“世界”的平稳转变。但是，中国被排除在西方主导的“世界”体系之外。中国文人渴望成为“世界”的一部分，他们为使中国在世界上获得更好的地位而付出的努力，包括一个犹豫的探索过程。

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