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Numerical analysis of liquefaction-induced differential settlement of shallow foundations on an island slope

机译：液化诱导岛浅层沉积岩坡差分沉降的数值分析

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Seismic differential settlement of shallow foundations on an island slope with a liquefiable sand stratum can significantly reduce the foundation's bearing capacity. Now, most studies focused on the settlement of foundation, while few efforts have provided a description of the differential settlement of foundation. In this study, we therefore adopted an approach using three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) simulation. A special case that the water table located at the interface between the liquefiable sand layer and the clay layer was employed in this model. A series of parametric studies involving soil properties, surcharge load, foundation location, and the typical shaking characteristics of earthquake events were conducted to identify their impact on liquefaction-induced differential settlement. Generally, a more permeable sand stratum and a larger cohesion of the upper clay stratum were found effective at decreasing differential settlement. A foundation's length/width ratio also played an important role in reducing differential settlement and, when the distance of the foundation from the crest of an island slope reached a critical value, the differential settlement tends towards a steady value. Heavily-loaded shallow foundations resulted in more differential settlement, leading to a reduction in their seismic bearing capacity. The peak ground acceleration and Arias intensity of an earthquake had a significant effect as well. In addition, some preliminary design considerations for shallow foundation under the earthquakes were proposed. Overall, the numerical results offer some valuable references to improve the design and construction of foundations on an island slope under the seismic loadings.
机译：岛屿坡上浅层基础的地震差异沉降，液体砂层坡可以显着降低基础的承载力。现在，大多数研究专注于结算基础，而少数努力则提供了对基础差异结算的描述。在本研究中，我们采用了一种使用三维（3D）非线性有限元（FE）模拟的方法。在该模型中使用位于液化砂层和粘土层之间的界面处的水位的特殊情况。进行了一系列涉及土壤性质，附加载荷，基础位置和地震事件的典型摇动特性的参数研究，以确定它们对液化诱导的差动沉降的影响。通常，在降低差动沉降下，发现更渗透的砂层和上粘土层的较大内聚力。基础的长度/宽度比在减少差动沉降方面也发挥了重要作用，并且当基础从岛斜率的峰值达到临界值时，差动沉降趋于稳定的值。负载较大的浅层基础导致更差动的沉降，导致其抗震承载力的降低。地震的峰接地加速度和arias强度也具有显着效果。此外，提出了地震下浅层基础的一些初步设计考虑因素。总体而言，数值结果提供了一些有价值的参考，提高了震荡载荷下岛屿坡上的设计和构造。

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