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Experimental validation of a model for PV systems under partial shading for building integrated applications

机译：用于建筑集成应用的部分阴影下的光伏系统模型的实验验证

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摘要

Building integration of photovoltaic systems is in continuous growth due to the high requirements for building energy efficiency. Some of the integration strategies, however, change the boundary conditions in which the PV systems work. Indeed, when embedded in the fa ade or in shading devices elements, the effects of partial shading and actual thermal conditions on power production need to be taken into account. In this work, suitable PV models to estimate the performance of such systems and to analyse the effects of partial shading are introduced and validated against measurements. In order to model the whole system, a detailed optical-thermal electrical model is developed. The electrical model is based on a five parameter PV cells equivalent circuit and it is coupled to a dynamic thermal model and to a specific irradiance calculation method. At the same time, a simplified model is developed to reduce the computational time. A dedicated experimental apparatus, built to reproduce the typical mutual shading conditions that might occur in shading devices, has been used to assess the accuracy of the model predictions - in terms of array voltage, current and cell temperature - and to analyse the effects of mismatching on the shaded cells. The results show that both the detailed and the simplified models predict the electric power production with good accuracies, with daily averaged relative errors between 2% and 10% and with the main deviations occurring during severe mismatching conditions. In such conditions the accuracy of the simulations can be significantly improved using the detailed model and shortening the simulation time-step. Indeed, a model sensitivity analysis has been performed, showing that the detailed model represents adequately the physical response of the PV system to variable environmental conditions, but the results of the simulations are very sensitive to the input data (geometrical tolerances and time-step) during partial shadings. Concerning the thermal model, both stationary and dynamic approaches provide temperature predictions accurate enough for daily power estimations. Nevertheless, the dynamic approach is able to better describe the cell temperature and is necessary for time-steps below the characteristic time of the system. Thus, the detailed optical-thermal-electrical PV model proposed demonstrated to be a valuable tool to investigate the effects of building integration of PV systems, allowing designers to evaluate electrical and thermal effects (e.g. power losses, hot spots). It can also be used for the assessment of simplified models. The simplified model demonstrated to provide comparable results - while requiring less computational effort- respect to the detailed model, thus being suitable to be integrated in long term simulations (i.e. building simulations for early performance evaluation).
机译：由于对建筑物能源效率的高要求，光伏系统的建筑物集成正在持续增长。但是，某些集成策略会更改光伏系统工作的边界条件。实际上，当嵌入外观或遮光设备元素中时，必须考虑部分遮光和实际热条件对发电的影响。在这项工作中，引入了合适的PV模型来评估此类系统的性能并分析局部阴影的影响，并针对测量进行了验证。为了对整个系统建模，开发了详细的光热电模型。电气模型基于五参数PV电池等效电路，并将其耦合到动态热模型和特定的辐照度计算方法。同时，开发了简化模型以减少计算时间。专用的实验设备用于再现遮光设备中可能发生的典型相互遮光条件，已用于评估模型预测的准确性（根据阵列电压，电流和电池温度），并分析失配的影响在阴影单元格上。结果表明，详细模型和简化模型都可以准确预测电力生产，每日平均相对误差在2％至10％之间，并且主要偏差发生在严重失配条件下。在这种情况下，使用详细的模型并缩短仿真时间步，可以显着提高仿真的准确性。确实，已经进行了模型敏感性分析，表明详细的模型可以充分反映光伏系统对可变环境条件的物理响应，但是模拟结果对输入数据（几何公差和时间步长）非常敏感。在部分阴影下。关于热模型，固定方法和动态方法均提供足够准确的温度预测以进行每日功率估算。然而，动态方法能够更好地描述电池温度，并且对于低于系统特征时间的时间步而言是必需的。因此，所提出的详细的光热电PV模型被证明是研究PV系统的建筑集成效果的有价值的工具，允许设计人员评估电和热效应（例如功率损耗，热点）。它也可以用于简化模型的评估。相对于详细模型，简化后的模型可提供可比的结果，同时所需的计算量也更少，因此适合集成到长期仿真中（即为早期性能评估而构建仿真）。

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  • 来源
    《Solar Energy》 |2019年第5期|356-370|共15页
  • 作者

    Piccoli Emanuele; Dama Alessandro; Dolara Alberto; Leva Sonia;

  • 作者单位

    Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4, I-20156 Milan, Italy;

    Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4, I-20156 Milan, Italy;

    Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4, I-20156 Milan, Italy;

    Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4, I-20156 Milan, Italy;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    BIPV; PV array model; Cell temperature; Mismatching; Thermal model; Irradiance calculation;

    机译：BIPV;光伏阵列模型;电池温度;失配;热模型;辐照度计算;

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