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The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (Smei)

机译：太阳质量喷射成像仪（Smei）

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摘要

We describe an instrument (SMEI) which has been specifically designed to detect and forecast the arrival of solar mass ejections and other heliospheric structures which are moving towards the Earth. Such events may cause geomagnetic storms, with resulting radiation hazards and disruption to military and commercial communications; damage to Earth-orbiting spacecraft; and also terrestrial effects such as surges in transcontinental power transmission lines. The detectors are sensitive over the optical wave-band, which is measured using CCD cameras. SMEI was launched on 6 January 2003 on the Coriolis spacecraft into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit as part of the US DoD Space Test Programme. The instrument contains three cameras, each with a field of view of 60°×3°, which are mounted onto the spacecraft such that they scan most of the sky every 102-min orbit. The sensitivity is such that changes in sky brightness equivalent to a tenth magnitude star in one square degree of sky may be detected. Each camera takes an image every 4 s. The normal telemetry rate is 128 kbits s−1. In order to extract the emission from a typical large coronal mass ejection, stellar images and the signal from the zodiacal dust cloud must be subtracted. This requires accurate relative photometry to 0.1%. One consequence is that images of stars and the zodiacal cloud will be measured to this photometric accuracy once per orbit. This will enable studies of transient zodiacal cloud phenomena, flare stars, supernovae, comets, and other varying point-like objects.
机译：我们描述了一种仪器（SMEI），该仪器专门设计用于检测和预测向地球移动的太阳质量抛射和其他太阳系结构的到达。此类事件可能引起地磁风暴，从而造成辐射危害并破坏军事和商业通信；对绕地球飞行的航天器的损害；以及陆地效应，例如跨大陆输电线路的电涌。这些检测器在光波段敏感，这是使用CCD摄像机测量的。作为美国国防部空间测试计划的一部分，SMEI于2003年1月6日在科里奥利航天器上发射到太阳同步的极地轨道。该仪器包含三个摄像头，每个摄像头的视场角均为60°×3°，这些摄像头安装在航天器上，以使其每102分钟扫描一次大部分天空。灵敏度使得可以检测到相当于天空的一平方度的十分之一星的天空亮度的变化。每个摄像机每4 s拍摄一次图像。正常遥测速率为128 kbits s-1 。为了从典型的大型日冕物质抛射中提取发射，必须减去恒星图像和来自黄道尘埃云的信号。这需要精确的相对光度计达到0.1％。结果是，每个轨道一次将以这种光度学精度对恒星和黄道云的图像进行测量。这将使人们能够研究瞬变的黄道云现象，耀斑恒星，超新星，彗星和其他点状物体。

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  • 来源
    《Solar Physics》 |2003年第2期|319-347|共29页
  • 作者

    C.J. Eyles; G.M. Simnett; M.P. Cooke; B.V. Jackson; A. Buffington; P.P. Hick; N.R. Waltham; J.M. King; P.A. Anderson; P.E. Holladay;

  • 作者单位

    School of Physics and Space Research University of Birmingham;

    School of Physics and Space Research University of Birmingham;

    School of Physics and Space Research University of Birmingham;

    Center for Astrophysics and Space Science University of California;

    Center for Astrophysics and Space Science University of California;

    Center for Astrophysics and Space Science University of California;

    Space Science Department Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory;

    Space Science Department Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory;

    Astronomy Department Center for Space Physics Boston University;

    Air Force Research Laboratory/VSBS;

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