A Time-Resolved NIR Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Background Cancelling Capability for Remote Heart Rate Detection

Cao Chen; Shirakawa Yuya; Tan Leyi; Seo Min-Woong; Kagawa Keiichiro; Yasutomi Keita; Jun Sung-Wook; Kosugi Tomohiko; Aoyama Satoshi; Teranishi Nobukazu; Tsumura Norimichi; Kawahito Shoji

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A Time-Resolved NIR Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Background Cancelling Capability for Remote Heart Rate Detection

机译：具有背景消除功能的时间分辨NIR锁定像素CMOS图像传感器，用于远程心率检测

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摘要

This paper presents a time-resolved (TR) CMOS image sensor (CIS) using two-tap near-infrared (NIR) lock-in pixels with background light (BGL) cancelling capability for remote heart rate (HR) detection. Aimed to the application, the sensor features a 1024 (V) x 1280 (H) spatial resolution with 412 (V) x 1280 (H) region-of-interest-readout (ROI-readout) at 30 fps, a high sensitivity of 134.8 ke(-)/lux . s, and an ultra-low temporal random noise of 1.13 e(rms)(-) at analog gain of 64. A maximum charge modulation ratio of 90.1% is obtained for realizing lock-in operation by means of in-pixel lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM). The remote HR detection is achieved by capturing the heart-beat-induced temporal variation of the oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) concentration by the developed TR CIS with NIR lock-in technique, and larger than 98% detection accuracies are attained under both non-visible-light condition and fluctuant brightness ambient-light environments. This remarkable feature demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method for driver monitoring applications in particular.

机译：本文提出了一种时间分辨（TR）CMOS图像传感器（CIS），该传感器使用具有背景光（BGL）消除功能的两次抽头近红外（NIR）锁定像素进行远程心率（HR）检测。针对该应用，该传感器具有1024（V）x 1280（H）的空间分辨率和412（V）x 1280（H）的感兴趣区域读数（ROI读数），速度为30 fps，灵敏度为134.8 ke（-）/ lux。 s，在模拟增益为64时的超低时间随机噪声为1.13 e（rms）（-）。通过像素内横向电场实现锁定操作，可获得90.1％的最大电荷调制比电荷调制器（LEFM）。通过使用NIR锁定技术开发的TR CIS捕获心跳引起的氧合血红蛋白（HbO（2））浓度的时间变化来实现远程HR检测，并且在以下条件下可达到98％以上的检测精度不可见光条件和亮度波动的环境光环境。这一非凡的功能证明了所提出的方法特别适用于驾驶员监控应用。

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来源
《IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits》 |2019年第4期|978-991|共14页
作者
Cao Chen; Shirakawa Yuya; Tan Leyi; Seo Min-Woong; Kagawa Keiichiro; Yasutomi Keita; Jun Sung-Wook; Kosugi Tomohiko; Aoyama Satoshi; Teranishi Nobukazu; Tsumura Norimichi; Kawahito Shoji;
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作者单位

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan|Samsung Elect, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Hwaseong 445701, South Korea;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Brookman Technol Inc, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4300936, Japan;

Brookman Technol Inc, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4300936, Japan;

Brookman Technol Inc, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4300936, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan;

Chiba Univ, Chiba 2638522, Japan;

Shizuoka Univ, Res Inst Elect, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328011, Japan|Brookman Technol Inc, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4300936, Japan;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Automotive application; background light (BGL) cancelling; correlated multiple sampling (CMS); heat rate variability spectrogram (HRVS); image signal processing (ISP); lock-in operation; remote heat rate (HR) detection; time-resolved (TR) CMOS image sensor (CIS);

机译：汽车应用;背景光（BGL）取消;相关的多个采样（CMS）;热速率变异谱图（HRV）;图像信号处理（ISP）;锁定操作;远程热速率（HR）检测;时间分辨率（TR ）CMOS图像传感器（CIS）;

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专利

1. A Time-Resolved NIR Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Background Cancelling Capability for Remote Heart Rate Detection [J] . Cao Chen, Shirakawa Yuya, Tan Leyi, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits . 2019,第4期

机译：具有后台消除能力的时间分辨的NIR锁定像素CMOS图像传感器，用于远程心率检测
2. A Dual NIR-Band Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Device Optimizations for Remote Physiological Monitoring [J] . Cao Chen, Dutta Jaydeep Kumar, Hakamata Masashi, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices . 2021,第4期

机译：具有用于远程生理监测的设备优化的双先决线带锁定像素CMOS图像传感器
3. A Time-of-Flight Range Image Sensor With Background Canceling Lock-in Pixels Based on Lateral Electric Field Charge Modulation [J] . Han Sang-Man, Takasawa Taishi, Yasutomi Keita, Electron Devices Society, IEE . 2015,第3期

机译：基于横向电场电荷调制的具有背景消除锁定像素的飞行时间范围图像传感器
4. A Two-Tap NIR Lock-in Pixel CMOS Image Sensor with Background Light Cancelling Capability for Non-Contact Heart Rate Detection [C] . Chen Cao, Yuya Shirakawa, Leyi Tan, IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits . 2018

机译：具有背景光消除功能的两键NIR锁定像素CMOS图像传感器，用于非接触式心率检测
5. A multipass spatial and temporal image filtering APS CMOS image sensor with pixel level ADC. [D] . Chow, Jon. 2006

机译：具有像素级ADC的多通道时空图像滤波APS CMOS图像传感器。
6. An 8-Tap CMOS Lock-In Pixel Image Sensor for Short-Pulse Time-of-Flight Measurements [O] . Yuya Shirakawa, Keita Yasutomi, Keiichiro Kagawa, 2020

机译：用于短脉冲飞行时间测量的8针CMOS锁相像素图像传感器
7. CMOS Active Pixel Sensors that incorporate concepts of Fault-Tolerance and Active Background Illumination Discrimination [O] . Djaja Sunjaya 2007

机译：结合了容错和有源背景照明区分概念的CMOS有源像素传感器
8. Advances in second generation ultra-low power CMOS active pixel sensor imagers for remote sensing, star tracking, optical comm and low cost solar array/antenna boom deployment metrology [R] . Stirbl, R., Pain, B., Cunningham, T., 2001

机译：用于遥感，星跟踪，光通信和低成本太阳能电池阵列/天线臂部署计量的第二代超低功率CmOs有源像素传感器成像器的进展

A Time-Resolved NIR Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Background Cancelling Capability for Remote Heart Rate Detection

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