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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits >An Asynchronous Sampling-Based 128 128 Direct Photon-Counting X-Ray Image Detector with Multi-Energy Discrimination and High Spatial Resolution
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An Asynchronous Sampling-Based 128 128 Direct Photon-Counting X-Ray Image Detector with Multi-Energy Discrimination and High Spatial Resolution

机译：基于异步采样的多能量识别和高空间分辨率的128 128直接光子计数X射线图像检测器

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This paper presents a direct photon-counting X-ray image detector with a HgI2 photoconductor for high-quality medical imaging applications. The proposed sampling-based charge preamplifier with asynchronous self-reset enables a pixel to detect single X-ray photon energy with higher sensitivity and faster processing rate. The use of the correlated double sampling enabled by the sampling-based architecture also reduces flicker noise and contributes to the achievement of high pixel-to-pixel uniformity. Discrimination of the energy level of the detected X-rays is performed by the proposed compact in-pixel ADC with low power consumption. Three 15-bit counters in each pixel count up energy-discriminated photons for the reconstruction of multispectral X-ray images. A 128 × 128 X-ray image detector with a pixel size of 60 × 60 μm2 is implemented and measured using a 0.13-μm/0.35-μm standard CMOS process. It discriminates 3 energy levels of photon energy with a gain of 107 mV/ke- and a static power consumption of 4.6 μW/pixel. The measured equivalent noise charge (ENC) and minimum detectable energy level of the detector pixel are 68 e- rms and 290 e-, respectively. The measured maximum threshold dispersion in the pixel array is 164 e- rms without any calibration. The functionality of our chip is also successfully demonstrated using real X-ray images.
机译：本文提出了一种具有HgI 2 光电导体的直接光子计数X射线图像探测器，用于高质量医学成像应用。提出的具有异步自复位功能的基于采样的电荷前置放大器使像素能够以更高的灵敏度和更快的处理速度检测单个X射线光子能量。通过基于采样的体系结构实现的相关双采样的使用还可以减少闪烁噪声，并有助于实现高像素到像素的均匀性。所提出的紧凑型像素内ADC具有低功耗，可对检测到的X射线的能级进行区分。每个像素中的三个15位计数器累加能量区分的光子，以重建多光谱X射线图像。实现了一个像素尺寸为60×60μm 2 的128×128 X射线图像检测器，并使用0.13-μm/0.35-μm标准CMOS工艺进行了测量。它以107 mV / ke -的增益和4.6μW/像素的静态功耗来区分3个光子能量能级。测得的检测器像素的等效噪声电荷（ENC）和最小可检测能级分别为68 e - rms和290 e -。像素阵列中测得的最大阈值色散为164 e - rms，无需任何校准。使用真实的X射线图像也成功演示了我们芯片的功能。

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