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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits >A 155-mW 50-m vertices/s graphics processor with fixed-point programmable vertex shader for mobile applications
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A 155-mW 50-m vertices/s graphics processor with fixed-point programmable vertex shader for mobile applications

机译:具有定点可编程顶点着色器的155mW 50m顶点/秒图形处理器,用于移动应用

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摘要

A 36 mm/sup 2/ graphics processor with fixed-point programmable vertex shader is designed and implemented for portable two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) graphics applications. The graphics processor contains an ARM-10 compatible 32-bit RISC processor,a 128-bit programmable fixed-point single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD)vertex shader, a low-power rendering engine, and a programmable frequency synthesizer (PFS). Different from conventional graphics hardware, the proposed graphics processor implements ARM-10 co-processor architecture with dual operations so that user-programmable vertex shading is possible for advanced graphics algorithms and various streaming multimedia processing in mobile applications. The circuits and architecture of the graphics processor are optimized for fixed-point operations and achieve the low power consumption with help of instruction-level power management of the vertex shader and pixel-level clock gating of the rendering engine. The PFS with a fully balanced voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) controls the clock frequency from 8 MHz to 271 MHz continuously and adaptively for low-power modes by software. The chip shows 50 Mvertices/s and 200 Mtexels/s peak graphics performance, dissipating 155 mW in 0.18-/spl mu/m 6-metal standard CMOS logic process.
机译:设计和实现了具有定点可编程顶点着色器的36 mm / sup 2 /图形处理器,用于便携式二维(2-D)和三维(3-D)图形应用程序。图形处理器包含与ARM-10兼容的32位RISC处理器,128位可编程定点单指令多数据(SIMD)顶点着色器,低功耗渲染引擎和可编程频率合成器(PFS) )。与常规图形硬件不同,拟议的图形处理器采用双重操作实现ARM-10协处理器架构,因此用户可编程的顶点着色可用于移动应用中的高级图形算法和各种流式多媒体处理。图形处理器的电路和体系结构针对定点操作进行了优化,并借助顶点着色器的指令级电源管理和渲染引擎的像素级时钟门控实现了低功耗。具有完全平衡压控振荡器(VCO)的PFS可通过软件连续,自适应地将时钟频率从8 MHz调节至271 MHz,以适应低功耗模式。该芯片可显示50 Mvertices / s和200 Mtexels / s的最高图形性能,在0.18- / spl mu / m六金属标准CMOS逻辑工艺中耗散155 mW。

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