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Key policy, regulatory and standards issues in global satellite communications

机译：全球卫星通信中的关键政策，法规和标准问题

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The field of satellite communications is becoming at least as constrained and shaped by policy, regulatory and standards issues as it is by technology. Satellite communications is cur- rently facing a host of challenging issues, including national economic competition, open trade issues, standards and pro- tocols, spectrum and frequency allocation, definition of es- sential space services requiring public funding, institutional reform, international industrial patterns of change and con- solidation, technology transfer, and the proper role of gov- ernment in future space communications development. This article seeks to identify possible areas for reform with regard to ‘paper satellites', multi-purpose frequency allocations, longer range spectrum planning, new standards-making approaches to seamless satellite-fiber interconnectivity, and reforms to more open international trade and licensing of satellite systems. Specific issues addressed include: -- Global trade and access to national markets in the new ‘open markets' trading environment. -- Interoperability standards and protocols. -- Issues of compatibility among the satellite systems of the world. -- Access to needed frequency allocations for satellite services amid growing global demand for broad band multi-media services and the need to revise ITU plan- ning processes. -- The difference in policy perspective and objectives be- tween developed and developing countries in the field of satellite communications and its applications. -- The on-going problem of 'paper satellites' and the fact that 'due diligence' has not solved this problem. -- Needed regulatory reforms to encourage new types of interactive broadband, multi-media satellites. -- Institutional reforms of key entities (the ITU, INTEL- -- Technology transfer issues, especially those that involve sensitive or strategic issues as well as stream- lined methods to protect international property rights. -- New patterns of industrial cooperation, merger and restructuring as the new global market emerges. -- The proper role of governmental R&D support in developing new technology, applications and markets.
机译：卫星通信领域至少受到技术，政策，法规和标准问题的制约和影响。卫星通信目前面临许多挑战性问题，包括国家经济竞争，开放贸易问题，标准和协议，频谱和频率分配，需要公共资金的基本空间服务的定义，体制改革，国际工业格局变化与整合，技术转让以及政府在未来空间通信发展中的适当作用。本文力图确定可能进行改革的领域，包括“纸制卫星”，多用途频率分配，更长距离的频谱规划，无缝卫星-光纤互连的新标准制定方法以及改革以实现更开放的国际贸易和许可卫星系统。解决的具体问题包括：-在新的“公开市场”交易环境中进行全球贸易和进入国内市场。 -互操作性标准和协议。 -世界卫星系统之间的兼容性问题。 -在全球对宽带多媒体服务的需求不断增长以及需要修订国际电联规划程序的情况下，可以获取卫星业务所需的频率分配。 -发达国家和发展中国家在卫星通信及其应用领域在政策观点和目标上的差异。 -持续存在的“纸上卫星”问题和“尽职调查”的事实并没有解决这个问题。 -需要进行监管改革，以鼓励新型的交互式宽带，多媒体卫星。 -关键实体（国际电联，INTEL的机构改革）-技术转让问题，特别是涉及敏感或战略问题的技术转让以及保护国际产权的简化方法。-工业合作，合并和新模式随着新的全球市场的出现而进行重组-政府研发支持在开发新技术，应用和市场方面的适当作用。

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