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Global satellite communications technology and systems -- An overview

机译：全球卫星通信技术和系统-概述

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) com- missioned a panel of scientists and engineers in 1997 to benchmark the global status of commercial communications satellite technology, markets and regulatory and policy is- sues. After visiting or interviewing over 60 manufacturing, R&D laboratory, service provider and government institu- tions in North and South America, Europe and Asia, the review panel concluded as follows f - Many European and Asian governments are increasing their satellite communications R&D programs and sup- porting demonstrations and space marketing efforts, relative to the US. -- The US is currently the leader in new technology and its insertion into commercial satellite systems, but am- bitious foreign efforts threaten this position. - Global commercial satellite communications is a large and rapidly growing business. -- New technology is being inserted into satellites at an increasingly rapid pace with an increasing number of international participants. - Aerospace communications companies, worldwide, are consolidating their efforts and are expanding into the end user service business. - The 'Direct-to-End User' mass consumer satellite ser- vice industry has the potential to be quite large and is changing the way satellites are manufactured and de- ployed and is creating a potentially large satellite termi- nal industry. - Satellite manufacturing is increasingly becoming a de- sign, assembly and test operation with parts and sub- systems obtained from global suppliers. - This increased use of satellites for communications ser- vices is creating a shortage of spectrum and orbital slots and is resulting in spectrum utilization conflicts with terrestrial wireless service providers. - Future development of commercial satellite communi- cations is dependent on the resolution of key regulatory, trade, spectrum, inter-operability and standards issues and government leadership is vitally needed. - There are opportunities for international cooperation to facilitate the development of satellites technologies, systems, standards and protocols. There is concern that unless several issues are addressed, particularly an increase in long term oriented R&D and trade and regulatory issues, the US may experience a deterioration of its leading position in the manufacture of satellites for global service providers and the initiation of new services, much in the way that it lost its leading position in the launch of commercial satellites.
机译：1997年，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和美国国家科学基金会（NSF）组成了一个由科学家和工程师组成的小组，对商业通信卫星技术，市场以及法规和政策问题的全球地位进行基准测试。在访问或采访了北美，南美，欧洲和亚洲的60多家制造，研发实验室，服务提供商和政府机构后，评审小组得出以下结论：f-许多欧洲和亚洲国家的政府正在增加其卫星通信研发计划和支持。 -相对于美国移植示威和太空营销工作。 -美国目前是新技术及其在商业卫星系统中的应用的领导者，但国外的雄心勃勃的努力威胁着这一地位。 -全球商业卫星通信是一项庞大且迅速增长的业务。随着越来越多的国际参与者，新技术正以越来越快的速度插入卫星。 -全球的航空通讯公司正在巩固其努力，并正在扩展到最终用户服务业务。 -“直接到终端用户”大众消费卫星服务行业的潜力很大，并且正在改变卫星的制造和部署方式，并正在创造一个潜在的大型卫星终端行业。 -卫星制造正越来越多地使用从全球供应商处获得的零件和子系统进行设计，组装和测试操作。 -卫星越来越多地用于通信服务，这造成频谱和轨道时隙的短缺，并导致频谱利用与地面无线服务提供商发生冲突。 -商业卫星通信的未来发展取决于关键监管，贸易，频谱，互操作性和标准问题的解决，因此迫切需要政府领导。 -国际合作有机会促进卫星技术，系统，标准和协议的发展。令人担忧的是，除非解决几个问题，尤其是针对长期的R＆D以及贸易和监管问题的增加，否则美国在为全球服务提供商制造卫星和启动新服务方面可能会处于领先地位的下降，在很大程度上失去了其在商业卫星发射方面的领先地位。

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