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Helium-4 Could Be Key To Better GPS Navigation

机译：氦4可能是更好的GPS导航的关键

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摘要

Researchers working with a type of super-cooled helium have made the frigid stuff whistle, an attribute they say might make it the crux of better navigation equipment in submarines and airplanes. The trick, it turns out, resides in cooling a specific: flavor of helium — called helium-4 — down to just two degrees above absolute zero (2 degrees Kelvin or minus 271 degrees Celsius), where it becomes a frictionless superfluid. It is that superfluid, the scientists said, that whistled unexpectedly when squashed through tiny holes and could be the foundation of new superfluid gyroscopes for submersible Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation and for seismic measurements. "The fact that they do whistle coherently means that we could make a sensitive gyroscope," Richard Packard, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley who led the study, said in a telephone interview.
机译：研究人员正在研究一种过冷的氦气，使这种寒冷的东西发出哨声，他们说，这可能使它成为潜水艇和飞机上更好的导航设备的症结所在。事实证明，诀窍在于冷却特定的氦气：称为氦气4-降到比绝对零（2开氏度或负271摄氏度）高出仅2度的地方，在这里它变成了无摩擦的超流体。科学家们说，正是这种超流体在通过微小孔被压扁时意外地吹了哨，这可能是用于水下全球定位系统（GPS）导航和地震测量的新型超流体陀螺仪的基础。加州大学伯克利分校的物理学家理查德·帕卡德（Richard Packard）在接受电话采访时说：“它们发出哨声的事实意味着我们可以制造出灵敏的陀螺仪。”

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