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Columbia and Challenger: organizational failure at NASA

机译:哥伦比亚和挑战者:NASA的组织失败

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摘要

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)―as the global leader in all areas of spaceflight and space science―is a unique organization in terms of size, mission, constraints, complexity and motivations. NASA's flagship endeavor―human spaceflight―is extremely risky and one of the most complicated tasks undertaken by man. It is well accepted that the tragic destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger on 28 January 1986 was the result of organizational failure. The surprising disintegration of the Space Shuttle Columbia in February 2003― nearly 17 years to the day after Challenger― Was a shocking reminder of how seemingly innocuous details play important roles in risky systems and organizations. NASA as an organization has changed considerably over the 42 years of its existence. If it is serious about minimizing failure and promoting its mission, perhaps the most intense period of organizational change lies in its immediate future. This paper outlines some of the critical features of NASA's organization and organizational change, namely path dependence and "normalization of deviance". Subsequently, it reviews the rationale behind calling the Challenger tragedy an organizational failure. Finally, it argues that the recent Columbia accident displays characteristics of organizational failure and proposes recommendations for the future.
机译:美国国家航空航天局(NASA)是航天和太空科学所有领域的全球领导者,在规模,任务,局限性,复杂性和动机方面都是一个独特的组织。 NASA的旗舰举措“人类太空飞行”具有极大的风险,是人类承担的最复杂的任务之一。众所周知,1986年1月28日航天飞机挑战者号的悲剧性破坏是组织失败的结果。挑战者号(Challenger)问世后的第17天,即2003年2月,哥伦比亚号航天飞机的意外解体令人震惊地回想起看似无害的细节在风险系统和组织中如何发挥重要作用。 NASA作为一个组织,在其成立的42年中发生了巨大变化。如果认真考虑最大程度地减少失败并促进其使命,那么组织变革的最激烈时期也许就是它的近期。本文概述了NASA组织和组织变革的一些关键特征,即路径依赖和“偏差规范化”。随后,它回顾了将挑战者悲剧称为组织失败的背后原因。最后,它认为最近的哥伦比亚事故显示了组织失败的特征,并提出了对未来的建议。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Space policy》 |2003年第4期|p.239-247|共9页
  • 作者

    Joseph Lorenzo Hall;

  • 作者单位

    Astronomy Department/School of Information Management and Systems, Astronomy Department, University of California at Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 航空运输经济;
  • 关键词

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