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首页> 外文期刊>Space technology >THE APPLICATION OF ION THRUSTERS TO HIGH THRUST, HIGH SPECIFIC IMPULSE NUCLEAR-ELECTRIC MISSIONS
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THE APPLICATION OF ION THRUSTERS TO HIGH THRUST, HIGH SPECIFIC IMPULSE NUCLEAR-ELECTRIC MISSIONS

机译：离子推进器在高推力，高比冲核电中的应用

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This paper reports one part of a study by members of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) to examine the merits of nuclear electric propulsion for challenging deep space missions requiring a high value of velocity increment, ΔV. The need for a large value of ΔV, typically of many km/s or even tens of km/s, eliminates the use of chemical propulsion owing to the large mass penalty then incurred, due to its low specific impulse (SI). Whereas the best conventional chemical system is limited to an SI of about 470 s, a typical gridded ion engine (GIE) can readily yield 3500 to 6000 s and, in experimental work, values approaching 30,000 s have been reported. While GIEs are usually regarded as very efficient devices which can operate at high values of SI, it is often assumed that they provide an inherently low thrust and thrust density. However, this latter limitation applies only if restricted power is available. It is shown in this paper that a very much enhanced thrust density can be provided if a nuclear fission power source is utilised, with an electrical output in the 100 kW to multi-MW range, and if higher values of SI can be employed. In that case, use can be made of a 4-grid ion extraction and acceleration system, permitting current thrust densities in the range 0.1 to 0.9 mN/cm~2 to be increased to as much as 28 mN/cm~2. Corresponding values of SI depend critically upon the propellant used and vary from about 8000 s to as high as 150,000 s.
机译：本文报道了国际宇航科学院（IAA）成员进行的一项研究的一部分，该研究旨在探讨核电推进技术在挑战要求高速度增量ΔV的深空任务方面的优势。通常需要许多km / s甚至几十km / s的较大的ΔV值，由于其较低的比冲（SI）而导致较大的质量损失，因此无需使用化学推进器。最佳的常规化学系统的SI限制在470 s左右，而典型的网格化离子引擎（GIE）可以轻松产生3500到6000 s，并且在实验工作中，报告的值接近30,000 s。虽然GIE通常被认为是可以在较高的SI值下运行的非常高效的设备，但通常认为它们提供的固有推力和推力密度较低。但是，仅当有限制的电源可用时，才适用后一种限制。本文表明，如果利用核裂变动力源，其输出功率在100 kW至MW范围内，并且可以采用更高的SI值，则可以提供非常大的推力密度。在这种情况下，可以使用4格离子提取和加速系统，使电流推力密度在0.1到0.9 mN / cm〜2的范围内增加到28 mN / cm〜2。 SI的相应值主要取决于所用的推进剂，范围从大约8000 s到高达150,000 s不等。

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