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CONTRIBUTION TO SPACECRAFT NAVIGATION AND TIMING WITH GPS AND GALILEO

机译：GPS和GALILEO对空间航行导航和计时的贡献

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Most space applications need to have real-time on-board positioning and timing information. This paper presents the positioning and timing accuracy that we can obtain using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo radio navigation signals on-board space vehicles in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), High Elliptical Earth orbit (HEO) or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). First of all, the paper presents our contribution to positioning and timing of spacecraft thanks to GPS, using the TOPSTAR 3000 family of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers specified by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and European Space Agency (ESA). A dozen of these equipment already flew in orbit or even on board the Atmospheric Re-entry Demonstrator (ARD) capsule launched by ARIANE 503 in 1998. Moreover, about 110 additional equipment has been ordered. Flight results will be provided, including the performances of the CNES-made "DIOGENE" on-board Kalman filter, with single- or dual-frequency GPS measurements. The positioning accuracy is 30 cm in radial if broadcasted GPS ephemeris are used. These DIOGENE accuracy results have been obtained using the TOPEX-POSEIDON downloaded dual frequency raw measurements. DIOGENE flight results will also be provided, as observed on board the HETE2 (NASA and MIT) and DEMETER (CNES) missions. These missions use single-frequency TOPSTAR receivers, and robust navigations with a radial accuracy of 3 m. Moreover, DEMETER successfully used Autonomous Orbit Control (AOC) thanks to GPS, and the main AOC results will also be presented. This experience allows us to better predict future space navigation system accuracies using GALILEO, in LEO, HEO and GEO orbits. The positioning and timing solutions have been estimated with two types of navigation algorithms which deliver the well-known single-point solution and the Kalman filtered solution. The analysis shows that Galileo signals enable very good positioning and timing accuracy for LEO and that tracking Galileo signals in HEO and GEO can be achieved with optimized signal processing techniques. Moreover, since GPS and GALILEO has two common frequencies and signals, this allows us to increase the accuracy and the robustness of GNSS navigation thanks to the use of simple equipment.
机译：大多数太空应用都需要具有实时的机载定位和定时信息。本文介绍了我们可以使用全球定位系统（GPS）和伽利略无线电导航信号在低地球轨道（LEO），高椭圆地球轨道（HEO）或对地静止地球轨道（GEO）上获得的定位和定时精度）。首先，本文介绍了GPS的应用，它使用了国家航天局中心（CNES）和欧洲航天局指定的TOPSTAR 3000系列星载全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收器，对航天器的定位和定时做出了贡献（ ESA）。这些设备中有十多个已经在轨道上飞行，甚至已经登上了ARIANE 503在1998年发射的“大气再进入演示器”（ARD）太空舱。此外，还订购了约110台其他设备。将提供飞行结果，包括使用CNES制造的“ DIOGENE”板载卡尔曼滤波器的性能，以及单频或双频GPS测量。如果使用广播的GPS星历，则径向定位精度为30 cm。这些DIOGENE精度结果是使用TOPEX-POSEIDON下载的双频原始测量值获得的。如在HETE2（美国宇航局和麻省理工学院）和DEMETER（CNES）飞行任务中所观察到的，还将提供DIOGENE的飞行结果。这些任务使用单频TOPSTAR接收机和径向精度为3 m的鲁棒导航。此外，得益于GPS，DEMETER成功地使用了自主轨道控制（AOC），并且还将介绍主要的AOC结果。这次经验使我们能够使用GALILEO在LEO，HEO和GEO轨道上更好地预测未来的空间导航系统的准确性。定位和定时解决方案已通过两种导航算法进行了估算，这些算法可提供众所周知的单点解决方案和卡尔曼滤波解决方案。分析表明，伽利略信号为LEO提供了非常好的定位和定时精度，并且通过优化的信号处理技术可以在HEO和GEO中跟踪伽利略信号。此外，由于GPS和GALILEO具有两个共同的频率和信号，这使我们能够通过使用简单的设备来提高GNSS导航的精度和鲁棒性。

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