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POTENTIAL EUROPEAN CREW AND LOGISTICS VEHICLES-2010 AND BEYOND

机译：潜在的欧洲乘务员和后勤车-2010年及以后

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In 2005, the ESA Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) is going to perform its first mission to the International Space Station (ISS), by docking to the Russian segment of the ISS. The ATV will play a significant logistic role during the ISS lifetime. The decisions announced by the President of the United States to retire the Space Shuttle by 2010, to complete the research activities on board the ISS by 2016, and to reorient the activities of NASA toward space exploration have dramatically changed the outlook for European crew and logistics vehicles during the next decade and beyond. The unavailability of the Space Shuttle beyond 2010 reduces the means to bring large payloads, especially unpressurized, to the ISS. At least as significantly, it limits the capability to bring payload back to Earth. Evolutions of the ATV have been investigated, which are relevant to this new context. With the primary aim of ensuring a correct exploitation of its ISS investments and of preparing future exploration missions, ESA has initiated studies focused on the improvement of its transportation capabilities for crew and cargo. The ATV has the potential to be adapted to the servicing the U.S. segment of the ISS to deliver larger payloads. A cargo return capability can also be incorporated to the ATV. A separable small reentry vehicle able to bring back a payload of a few hundred kilograms is a first option. Another alternative is to replace the pressurized carrier of the ATV by a large reentry capsule capable to download sizable items, such as major experiment elements, or even scientific racks and spares. Evolutions of the ATV could be available by 2010, available in time for the retirement of the Space Shuttle. The decision by ESA to launch Russia's Soyuz rockets from the European Launch site in French Guiana has the potential to be extended to enable additional Soyuz-TMA missions to the ISS, from that launch site. The European Spaceport could, therefore, play a crucial role, with a combination of ATV and Soyuz-TMA flights, in the servicing of the ISS. The period of exploration, which will follow the ISS, will trigger once again an adaptation of the European transportation infrastructure. Access beyond Low Earth Orbit for European payloads and astronauts will require further evolutions of Ariane 5 and their human rating.
机译：2005年，欧空局自动转运车（ATV）将通过与国际空间站的俄罗斯部分对接而执行对国际空间站（ISS）的首次任务。亚视将在国际空间站的一生中扮演重要的后勤角色。美国总统宣布的有关在2010年之前退役航天飞机，在2016年之前完成ISS上的研究活动以及将NASA的活动重新定位为太空探索的决定，极大地改变了欧洲机组人员和后勤的前景未来十年及以后的车辆。 2010年以后航天飞机无法使用，这减少了将较大的有效载荷（尤其是未加压的有效载荷）带到国际空间站的方法。至少同样重要的是，它限制了将有效载荷带回地球的能力。已经研究了ATV的演变，这与这种新情况有关。为了确保正确利用其国际空间站的投资并准备未来的勘探任务，欧空局已着手开展研究，着重于提高其乘员和货物的运输能力。该ATV有可能适合服务于ISS的美国部分，以交付更大的有效载荷。还可以将货物退回功能纳入ATV。一种可分离的小型再入飞行器能够带走几百公斤的有效载荷是第一选择。另一种选择是用一个大型的再入舱代替ATV的加压托架，该舱能够下载相当大的物品，例如主要的实验元件，甚至科学的架子和备件。 ATV的发展可能会在2010年面世，并在航天飞机退役之前及时发布。 ESA决定从法属圭亚那的欧洲发射场发射俄罗斯联盟号火箭的决定可能会得到扩展，以允许从该发射场向国际空间站进行额外的联盟号TMA任务。因此，结合ATV和Soyuz-TMA航班，欧洲太空港可以在国际空间站的服务中发挥关键作用。国际空间站之后的探索期将再次触发欧洲交通基础设施的调整。对于欧洲有效载荷和宇航员而言，要进入低地球轨道之外，还需要进一步改进阿丽亚娜5号及其人员额定值。

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