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A COMPACT CMG PRODUCT FOR AGILE SATELLITES

机译：用于敏捷卫星的紧凑型CMG产品

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The demand for agile satellites has increased considerably over the last few years, be it for commercial or military applications, Earth observation, astronomy, optical instruments or radar payloads. Even for small satellites, when it comes to providing a high output torque (above 0.5 Nm typically) at reasonable cost (mass and power consumption), reaction wheels are no match for small Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). CMGs have been known for decades, but used to be considered difficult to operate owing to singularities during satellite maneuvers (except by over-sizing the momentum capacity). Recent developments in guidance algorithms to suppress singularities now mean that the full capacity of the CMG cluster can be exploited, minimizing the momentum demand for each CMG. With four CMGs of only 15 Nms, it is now possible to set a satellite in the 1 ton class at more than 3°/s in less than 2 s. Such a low momentum demand offers many advantages compared to an oversized solution: the equipment is more compact and performances are improved. This paper describes the CMG 15-45S (15 Nms, 45 Nm, Standard) developed by Astrium and Teldix to offer a high performance solution for small agile satellites. The equipment has been designed for series productions to minimize recurring costs. The wheel is based on Teldix core technologies and the gimbal mechanism uses standard components from European manufacturers qualified by CNES and ESA. The components are assembled in an optimized architecture that minimizes the volume and the mass. The CMG can be mounted on a single base plate with a minimal footprint and no additional hardware is required to install the equipment. The CMG 15-45S integrates easily into small satellites of 1 ton or even less.
机译：在过去的几年中，无论是用于商业还是军事应用，对地观测，天文学，光学仪器或雷达有效载荷，对敏捷卫星的需求已大大增加。即使对于小型卫星，当以合理的成本（质量和功耗）提供高输出扭矩（典型值在0.5 Nm以上）时，反作用轮也不适合小型控制力矩陀螺仪（CMG）。 CMG已有数十年的知名度，但由于在卫星操纵过程中的奇异性（除非将动量容量过大而定），过去一直被认为难以操作。抑制奇异性的制导算法的最新发展现在意味着可以利用CMG集群的全部能力，从而将每个CMG的动量需求降至最低。使用四个仅15 Nms的CMG，现在可以在不到2 s的时间内将1吨级的卫星以高于3°/ s的速度设置。与超大型解决方案相比，如此低的动量需求提供了许多优势：设备更紧凑，性能得到改善。本文介绍了Astrium和Teldix开发的CMG 15-45S（15 N​​ms，45 Nm，标准），旨在为小型敏捷卫星提供高性能解决方案。该设备专为批量生产而设计，以最大程度地降低重复成本。车轮基于Teldix核心技术，万向节机构使用来自欧洲制造商的标准组件，并经过CNES和ESA认证。组件以优化的体系结构组装，从而最大程度地减少了体积和质量。 CMG可以以最小的占地面积安装在单个基板上，不需要额外的硬件来安装设备。 CMG 15-45S可以轻松集成到1吨甚至更少的小型卫星中。

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