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CANDIDATE CONCEPTS FOR A EUROPEAN RLV

机译：欧洲RLV的候选概念

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The European Future Launcher Preparatory Program (FLPP) shall prepare Europe for a development decision for a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) in the time frame of 2010, such that an operational RLV may enter into service by 2020-2025 and be operational for 30-40 years. Three main RLV system concept families are considered for FLPP: semi-reusable concepts with a reusable first stage (RFS) for vertical take-off and horizontal landing and one or two expendable upper stages; fully reusable two-stage to orbit concepts for vertical take-off and horizontal landing plus an expendable upper stage for missions beyond LEO; suborbital concepts, like the Hopper, with a fully reusable suborbital lower stage for horizontal take-off and landing and an expendable upper stage for orbit insertion. Despite the distant development milestones and the uncertainty in the predicted markets, an as-early-as-possible down-selection to one of the proposed concepts is promoted to focus the development effort and be more efficient with the limited budgets. This paper gives an overview of the programmatic requirements and reference design guidelines for a European RLV development. It provides a status overview of each project led by EADS SPACE Transportation (EADS-ST) so that the consistency of the different approaches might be underlined, mainly through: high-level requirements comparison; missions and performance; design approach; enabling technologies required by defined concepts; prog-rammatics. Based on these dat; a down-selection approach is proposed to manage both the uncertainties of governmental and commercial missions as well as the system concept's key parameters. More specifically, FLPP's proposed orientations as well as requirement to drive and focus the technology development effort in Europe over the coming years are addressed.
机译：欧洲未来发射器筹备计划（FLPP）应为欧洲在2010年的可重复使用运载火箭（RLV）的开发决定中做好准备，以便可运行的RLV可以在2020-2025年之前投入使用，并在30- 40年对于FLPP，考虑了三个主要的RLV系统概念系列：半可重用概念，其具有用于垂直起飞和水平着陆的可重用第一阶段（RFS）和一个或两个可消耗上层阶段；用于垂直起飞和水平着陆的完全可重用的两阶段入轨概念，以及用于LEO以外任务的消耗性上层阶段；亚轨道概念，例如料斗，具有可完全重用的亚轨道下半部分，用于水平起飞和着陆，以及可消耗的上层轨道，用于插入轨道。尽管发展里程碑遥遥无期，并且预测市场不确定，但仍建议尽早选择拟议中的一种概念，以集中精力进行开发，并在预算有限的情况下提高效率。本文概述了欧洲RLV开发的程序要求和参考设计指南。它提供了由EADS SPACE Transportation（EADS-ST）领导的每个项目的状态概述，从而可以强调不同方法的一致性，主要是通过：高层次需求比较；任务和表现；设计方法；启用已定义概念所需的技术；程序语法。基于这些数据；提出了一种向下选择的方法来管理政府和商业任务的不确定性以及系统概念的关键参数。更具体地说，解决了FLPP的拟定方向以及在未来几年中推动和集中欧洲技术开发工作的要求。

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