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Embodiment of Spatial Reference Frames and Individual Differences in Reference Frame Proclivity

机译：空间参考框架的体现以及参考框架相似性中的个体差异

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Spatial cognitive processes can be based on distinct reference frames centered on the body (egocentric reference frame) or centered on aspects of the surrounding environment independent of the position and orientation of the cognizing subject (allocentric reference frame). Updating of spatial information based on an egocentric reference frame is often believed to be highly automatic while the computation of spatial information based on an allocentric reference frame is assumed to be effortful and dependent on prior egocentric space processing. In this position paper I will review theoretical and empirical work that challenges the view of such a hierarchical organization of spatial reference frames and propose an embodied view of spatial reference frame computation. This perspective is based on three interdependent aspects of spatial reference frames. First, based on the existence of neural structures that allow for an automatic computation of both, egocentric and allocentric spatial representations, a functional equivalence of distinct reference frames is proposed. Second, based on the assumption of efficient computation and parallel accessibility of distinct reference frames individual proclivities are proposed to develop based on environmental and socio-cultural influences. Finally, it is proposed that ontogenetic differences are manifest in anatomical changes associated with the dominant use of different reference frames. These changes influence the microgenesis of spatial knowledge and influence behavior in other spatial cognitive tasks. In conclusion, an embodied framework of spatial reference frames strongly suggests consideration of individual reference frame proclivities to gain further insights into the complex architecture of human spatial cognition. More importantly, neuroscientific approaches describing cortical networks and associated brain dynamics have to allow participants to actively move and behave in their environment to allow for investigating the cognitive processes and brain dynamics underlying embodied spatial cognition.
机译：空间认知过程可以基于以身体为中心的不同参考系（以自我为中心的参考系），或者以周围环境的各个方面为中心，而与认知对象的位置和方向无关（以alocentric为参考系）。人们通常认为，基于自我中心参考系的空间信息更新是高度自动化的，而基于异体中心参考系的空间信息计算被认为是费力的，并且依赖于先前的以自我为中心的空间处理。在本立场文件中，我将回顾理论和经验工作，这些工作对空间参考框架的这种分层组织的观点提出了挑战，并提出了空间参考框架计算的具体观点。该观点基于空间参考框架的三个相互依赖的方面。首先，基于允许自动计算以自我为中心和以同心为中心的空间表示的神经结构的存在，提出了不同参考系的功能等效性。其次，基于有效计算和不同参考框架可并行访问的假设，提出了基于环境和社会文化影响而发展的个人倾向。最后，提出在与主要使用不同参考系相关的解剖学变化中存在个体差异。这些变化影响空间知识的微观发生，并影响其他空间认知任务中的行为。总之，空间参考框架的具体框架强烈建议考虑单个参考框架的倾向性，以进一步了解人类空间认知的复杂体系结构。更重要的是，描述皮层网络和相关脑动力学的神经科学方法必须使参与者能够在自己的环境中积极活动并表现出来，以便研究隐含在空间认知中的认知过程和脑动力学。

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