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Analytical Model To Predict the Effect of Pipe Friction on Downhole Fluid Temperatures

机译：预测管道摩擦对井下流体温度影响的分析模型

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摘要

The advent of deviated, horizontal, and extended-reach drilling has led to increased frictional forces acting between the drillstring and the wellbore wall. Wellbore mechanical friction attributable to pipe rotation or to torque and drag plays a significant role in drilling operations and is considered to influence the downhole temperatures of the drilling fluid. An analytical model to estimate the influence of this pipe friction will help in providing a better physical insight to understand the downhole borehole conditions as well as in realizing the effect of its underlying parameters. This study aims to develop a simple mathematical model to analyze the heat generated downhole from the drillstring and borehole contact and then predict its influence on the temperature of the drilling fluid during a drilling operation at any depth in the well. The model presents a steady-state solution for heat transfer between the drillstring and the fluids in the drillpipe and annulus, as well as for heat transfer between the annular fluid and the formation. The heat generated from friction has been modeled by use of the torque acting on the drillstring as a result of contact forces. A linear temperature gradient for the formation and a constant borehole-wall temperature has been assumed to simplify the model. Frictional pressure losses in the drillpipe, in the annulus, and across the bit have been incorporated in the model because they contribute to the heat generated downhole. The temperature profile of the drilling fluid has been estimated both in the annulus and inside the drillpipe for the entire well profile under consideration. This paper will present the derivations of the generalized heat-transfer model and its validation by use of two practical drilling scenarios. Two different field cases, one for a deviated well and the other for a horizontal well, have been presented, and the estimated temperature profile by use of the model is compared with the actual temperature measured downhole by use of measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools. The increase in temperature for a particular depth in the well for the entire bit run has also been presented as another successful application of this model. The impact of drilling parameters on temperatures has also been analyzed and can be used effectively to maintain a better check on undesired temperatures. This simple analytical model can be suitably applied to field cases on the basis of the well profile and can be effectively used to predict the maximal temperatures to be encountered downhole while drilling ahead as planned. An accurate estimation of maximal temperatures will help us prevent severe downhole friction heating in the future.
机译：偏斜，水平和扩展钻进的出现导致作用在钻柱和井眼壁之间的摩擦力增加。归因于管道旋转或扭矩和阻力的井眼机械摩擦在钻井作业中起着重要作用，并被认为会影响钻井液的井下温度。估计该管道摩擦影响的分析模型将有助于提供更好的物理见解，以了解井下钻孔条件以及实现其基本参数的效果。这项研究旨在建立一个简单的数学模型，以分析由钻柱和井眼接触而在井下产生的热量，然后预测其在井中任何深度的钻井作业期间对钻井液温度的影响。该模型为钻柱与钻杆和环空中的流体之间的热传递以及环形流体与地层之间的热传递提供了一种稳态解决方案。摩擦产生的热量已经通过使用由于接触力作用在钻柱上的扭矩进行了建模。为了简化模型，假定地层的线性温度梯度和恒定的井壁温度。钻杆，环空和钻头中的摩擦压力损失已纳入模型，因为它们会增加井下产生的热量。对于正在考虑的整个井眼轮廓，已经在环空和钻杆内部估计了钻井液的温度轮廓。本文将介绍广义传热模型的推导及其通过使用两种实际钻井情况进行的验证。提出了两种不同的现场情况，一种是斜井，另一种是水平井，并将通过使用该模型估算的温度剖面与通过随钻测量（MWD）测得的井下实际温度进行比较）工具。对于整个钻头行程，井中特定深度的温度升高也已作为该模型的另一个成功应用得到了介绍。还分析了钻井参数对温度的影响，可以有效地用于更好地检查不良温度。这种简单的分析模型可以根据井的轮廓适当地应用于现场情况，并且可以有效地用于预测在按计划进行钻探时井下遇到的最高温度。准确估算最高温度将有助于我们将来防止严重的井下摩擦加热。

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