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Dynamic Aspects Governing Cement-Plug Placement in Deepwater Wells

机译：在深水井中控制水泥制插头的动态方面

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摘要

Plug cementing is still considered to be a critical operation, and cases of failure eventually happen. A large annular gap and eccentricity, typical of these operations, are factors that may promote unstable flows, resulting in cement-slurry contamination. Deepwater conditions enhance chances of free fall, and, consequently, low displacement velocities can occur in the annulus. This article presents a parametric study of the role of rheologi-cal properties of fluids (drilling fluid, spacers, and cements slurries), string rotation, and flow rates (including free-fall effects) in the displacement quality of cement plugs. Analyses are based on two different simulation tools. Conventional cement-pumping software defines flow-rate profiles at the annulus entrance, accounting for free-fall effects, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulates the interface propagation and contamination levels. The main issues addressed by the simulations are 1. What are the maximum yield stresses that guarantee nonstag-nation regions while circulating the drilling fluid? 2. How can one optimize density and rheology hierarchy, which minimizes contamination and avoids channeling? 3. What is the role of string rotation on the displacement efficiency? The compilation of simulation results into useful guidelines and procedures for displacing cement plugs in vertical, inclined, and horizontal offshore wells is presented.
机译：堵头固井仍然被认为是关键操作，最终会发生故障。这些操作中常见的较大的环形间隙和偏心距可能是导致不稳定流动的因素，从而导致水泥浆污染。深水条件增加了自由下落的机会，因此，环空中可能发生低位移速度。本文对流体（钻井液，隔离物和水泥浆）的流变特性，管柱旋转和流速（包括自由下落效应）在水泥塞的位移质量中的作用进行了参数研究。分析基于两种不同的仿真工具。常规的水泥泵送软件定义了环空入口处的流速剖面，并考虑了自由落体的影响，而计算流体力学（CFD）则模拟了界面传播和污染水平。模拟解决的主要问题是1.在循环钻井液时，最大无屈服应力可确保无滞止区域？ 2.如何优化密度和流变性，以最大程度地减少污染并避免窜流？ 3.琴弦旋转对位移效率有何作用？介绍了将模拟结果汇总为有用的指南和程序，以用于在垂直，倾斜和水平海上井中置换水泥塞。

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  • 来源
    《SPE Drilling & Completion》 |2011年第3期|p.341-351|共11页
  • 作者

    P.E. Aranha; C.R. Miranda; J.V.M. Magalhaes; G. Campos; A.L. Martins; A.B. Ramalho; M.F. Naccache;

  • 作者单位

    Petrobras R&D Center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

    @@;

    Well Technology Sector at the Petrobras R&D Center;

    Petrobras Production Engineering Headquarters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

    Petrobras R&D Center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

    InterMoor do Brasil in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro;

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