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首页> 外文期刊>SPE drilling engineering >A Comprehensive Modeling Analysis of Borehole Stability and Production-Liner Deformation for Inclined/Horizontal Wells Completed in a Highly Compacting Chalk Formation
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A Comprehensive Modeling Analysis of Borehole Stability and Production-Liner Deformation for Inclined/Horizontal Wells Completed in a Highly Compacting Chalk Formation

机译：高密实粉笔地层完井斜井/水平井井眼稳定性和生产线变形的综合建模分析

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摘要

Numerous casing and production-liner deformation/failure problems have been reported in high-porosity chalk formations in both the overburden and the reservoir sections, causing costly operation problems that prevent workovers and recompletions. This paper presents the results of studies performed to investigate stability of an openhole, cemented liner and uncemented-liner completions in a highly compacting chalk formation. The effects of critical cavity dimensions caused by various acid-stimulation techniques were also investigated. On the basis of the review of historical caliper-survey data, we ascertain that axial-compression collapse is a major liner-deformation mechanism in the reservoir zones. Axial-compression collapse has been found in both low-angle wells (also in buildup sections of horizontal wells) and horizontal laterals. The casing deformation in low-angle sections is a result of reservoir compaction (i.e., change in the vertical formation strain), while the deformation in horizontal sections is primarily induced by increased axial loading because of cavity deformation. The current completion practice using cluster perforations and high-volume acid treatments causes vertically enlarged cavities, resulting in poor radial constraint. A series of laboratory triaxial tests was performed on selected reservoir chalk samples to measure the stress/strain and failure behavior of the chalk formation considering a wide range of porosity and water saturation and different levels of confining pressures. Using the chalk-failure criteria and constitutive relations developed from the analysis of laboratory triaxial-compression-test data, a 3D nonlinear poroelastic/plastic finite-element-method (FEM) model was developed for the openhole stability analysis. The simulation results show that the abnormally high ductility of chalks after pore collapse around a borehole could actually enhance borehole stability, with a magnitude beyond expectation. In this study, analytical and numerical models are also developed for evaluating cavity-induced axial- compression collapse of production liners. Model results indicate that the risk of the cavity-induced axial- compression collapse substantially increases for short perforated intervals stimulated with large acid treatments. However, increasing the perforation-interval lengths along the entire liner axis results in more-uniform acid distribution and will greatly reduce the chance of axial-compression collapse caused by localized cavity deformation. On the basis of these analysis results, key completion design criteria and stimulation strategies were developed for wells completed in highly compacting chalk reservoirs to reduce risk of casing and liner mechanical problems.
机译：在上覆层和储层段的高孔隙度白垩地层中，已经出现了许多套管和生产衬管变形/故障问题，导致了代价高昂的作业问题，无法进行修井和重新完井。本文介绍了研究结果，以研究高密度白垩岩层中裸眼井，水泥衬砌和非水泥衬砌完井的稳定性。还研究了由各种酸刺激技术引起的临界腔尺寸的影响。在对卡尺历史数据进行回顾的基础上，我们确定轴向压缩塌陷是储层中主要的衬砌变形机制。在低角度井（水平井的集结段）和水平分支井中都发现了轴向压缩塌陷。低角度段的套管变形是储层压实的结果（即，垂直地层应变的变化），而水平段的变形主要是由于型腔变形而引起的轴向载荷增加引起的。当前使用团簇孔眼和大量酸处理的完井实践导致垂直扩大的空洞，导致径向约束差。考虑到广泛的孔隙度和水饱和度以及不同的围压水平，对选定的储层白垩样品进行了一系列实验室三轴试验，以测量白垩岩层的应力/应变和破坏行为。利用实验室三轴压缩试验数据分析得出的白垩破坏准则和本构关系，开发了3D非线性多孔弹性/塑性有限元方法（FEM）模型用于裸眼井眼稳定性分析。仿真结果表明，白垩白垩岩在孔洞周围塌陷后异常高的延展性实际上可以增强井眼的稳定性，幅度超出预期。在这项研究中，还开发了分析和数值模型来评估模腔引起的生产衬板的轴向压缩塌陷。模型结果表明，在用大酸处理刺激的短时间间隔内，腔引起的轴向压缩塌陷的风险显着增加。但是，增加沿整个衬管轴线的射孔间隔长度会导致酸分布更加均匀，并且将大大减少由局部型腔变形引起的轴向压缩塌陷的机会。根据这些分析结果，为在高度压实的白垩储层中完井的井开发了关键完井设计标准和增产策略，以减少套管和衬管机械问题的风险。

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