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首页> 外文期刊>Special topics & reviews in porous media >ROLE OF ANIONS ON SHALE STABILITY: THE NEGLECTED PHENOMENON
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ROLE OF ANIONS ON SHALE STABILITY: THE NEGLECTED PHENOMENON

机译：阴离子在页岩稳定性中的作用：被忽略的现象

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The effect of different unions on the swelling behavior and membrane efficiency of low-permeability shales has been studied using a pressure transmission test. Three different shales obtained from deep formations located in an oil field in the Middle East were used in this study. Three different anions, i.e., chloride, carbonates, and formate anions, were utilized in this study to investigate the impact of anion type, size, and concentration on the swelling behavior and membrane efficiency of low-permeability shales. Experimental results confirm the notion that shales are leaky membranes where they do not completely restrict the flow of ions, and that in turn reduces the osmotic pressure that could be used to induce water out of the shale. The measured membrane efficiencies of shales ranged from 0.62 to 5.23%. In addition, it is shown that different anions impact the swelling behavior and membrane property of shales differently, depending on their relative sizes. Low-permeability shales induce larger osmotic pressure when interacting with larger anions such as carbonates and formate anions. It is also shown that salt solutions with the appropriate ions' (anions and cations) type and concentration could provide an inexpensive product to combat wellbore instability problems in low-permeability shales, given that a large enough chemical potential exists between the shale and the salt solution. This work also shows that a potassium chloride solution can be utilized as an osmotic method for low-permeability shales.
机译：使用压力传输试验研究了不同结合对低渗透性页岩的溶胀行为和膜效率的影响。这项研究使用了三种不同的页岩，它们是从位于中东油田的深层地层中获得的。这项研究中使用了三种不同的阴离子，即氯离子，碳酸根和甲酸根阴离子，以研究阴离子类型，大小和浓度对低渗透页岩的溶胀行为和膜效率的影响。实验结果证实了这样的观点，即页岩是渗漏膜，它们没有完全限制离子的流动，进而降低了可用来将水引出页岩的渗透压。测得的页岩膜效率为0.62％至5.23％。此外，已表明，不同的阴离子取决于页岩的相对大小，它们对页岩的溶胀行为和膜特性的影响也不同。当与较大的阴离子（如碳酸盐和甲酸根阴离子）相互作用时，低渗透率的页岩会引起较大的渗透压。还表明，如果页岩和盐之间存在足够大的化学势，则具有适当离子（阴离子和阳离子）类型和浓度的盐溶液可以提供廉价的产品来解决低渗透性页岩中的井眼不稳定问题。解。这项工作还表明，氯化钾溶液可以用作渗透率低的页岩的渗透方法。

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