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Analysis of fire protection efficiency in the United States: a two-stage DEA-based approach

机译：美国消防效率分析：基于DEA的两阶段方法

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摘要

Fire-related hazards and incidents are a very common phenomenon that affects human society heavily, so many organisations, over a long period of time, have made efforts to mitigate fires and the caused damages. It is widely acknowledged that an evaluation of fire protection performance is critical for such efforts. In this paper, we propose a new data envelopment analysis-based approach for fire protection efficiency analysis in the United States at the state level. For this purpose, the fire protection system is generalised as an innovative two-stage network process, in which the fire hazard defence subsystem in the first stage is followed by a fire incident fighting subsystem in the second stage. Further, both intermediate outputs and final outputs are all undesirable measures. The fire protection expenditure, a kind of shared resources, is modelled under managerial disposability since it can be intentionally used to reduce fires and fire damages. Based on an empirical study of data from 2010 to 2014, we find that: (1) Texas, California, New York, Florida, and Illinois are the top five states prone to fire incidents. (2) The United States as a whole has an average fire protection efficiency of 0.590, implying relatively low fire protection performances at the state level. (3) Wyoming, Vermont, and Rhode Island are the top three most efficient states, whereas Iowa, Arkansas, and Pennsylvania are ranked the least efficient. Further, (4) the fire incident fighting efficiency is more likely to be higher than the fire hazard defence efficiency for most states. (5) Looking at larger scale by grouping all states into eight areas, the Far West has the highest fire protection efficiency, while Southeast and Plains areas have the lowest efficiency scores. Interestingly, (6) the results show also that a 1% increase in the fire protection expenditure by states per capita will result in a 2.6893% improvement in fire protection efficiency.
机译：与火灾相关的危害和事故是非常普遍的现象，严重影响着人类社会，因此许多组织在很长一段时间内都在努力减轻火灾和造成的损害。众所周知，对防火性能的评估对于此类工作至关重要。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于数据包络分析的新方法，用于在美国进行州级防火效率分析。为此，将消防系统概括为一个创新的两阶段网络过程，其中，第一阶段的火灾防御子系统与第二阶段的火灾扑救子系统紧随其后。此外，中间输出和最终输出都是不受欢迎的措施。防火支出是一种共享资源，是根据管理可处置性建模的，因为它可以有意用于减少火灾和火灾损失。基于对2010年至2014年数据的实证研究，我们发现：（1）德克萨斯州，加利福尼亚州，纽约州，佛罗里达州和伊利诺伊州是最容易发生火灾的五个州。 （2）美国整体的平均防火效率为0.590，这意味着州一级的防火性能相对较低。 （3）怀俄明州，佛蒙特州和罗​​德岛州是效率最高的三个州，而爱荷华州，阿肯色州和宾夕法尼亚州则是效率最低的州。此外，（4）在大多数州，火灾扑灭效率更有可能高于火灾隐患防御效率。 （5）通过将所有州划分为八个区域进行更大范围的考察，远西地区的消防效率最高，而东南部和平原地区的效率得分最低。有趣的是，（6）结果还表明，人均州将消防支出增加1％，消防效率将提高2.6893％。

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