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Importance tempering

机译:重要回火

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摘要

Simulated tempering (ST) is an established Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for sampling from a multimodal density π(θ). Typically, ST involves introducing an auxiliary variable k taking values in a finite subset of [0, 1 ] and indexing a set of tempered distributions, say π_k(θ) ∝ π(θ)~k. In this case, small values of k encourage better mixing, but samples from π are only obtained when the joint chain for (θ,k) reaches k = 1. However, the entire chain can be used to estimate expectations under π of functions of interest, provided that importance sampling (IS) weights are calculated. Unfortunately this method, which we call importance tempering (IT), can disappoint. This is partly because the most immediately obvious implementation is naive and can lead to high variance estimators. We derive a new optimal method for combining multiple IS estimators and prove that the resulting estimator has a highly desirable property related to the notion of effective sample size. We briefly report on the success of the optimal combination in two modelling scenarios requiring reversible-jump MCMC, where the naive approach fails.
机译:模拟回火(ST)是已建立的马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)方法,用于从多峰密度π(θ)进行采样。通常,ST涉及引入在[0,1]的有限子集中取值的辅助变量k并索引一组整形分布,例如π_k(θ)∝π(θ)〜k。在这种情况下,较小的k值会促进更好的混合,但是仅当(θ,k)的联合链达到k = 1时才能从π获得样本。但是,整个链可用于估计在π函数的π下的期望兴趣,前提是要计算重要性抽样(IS)权重。不幸的是,这种方法(我们称为重要性调节(IT))可能会令人失望。部分原因是,最直接明显的实现是幼稚的,并且可能导致高方差估计量。我们得出了一种用于组合多个IS估计量的新的最优方法,并证明了所得的估计量具有与有效样本大小的概念相关的非常理想的属性。我们简要报告了在需要可逆跳转MCMC的两种建模方案中最佳组合的成功情况,而这种方案在其中幼稚的方法失败了。

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