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Decision-making under uncertainty: using MLMC for efficient estimation of EVPPI

机译:不确定性下的决策:使用MLMC有效估算EVPPI

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In this paper, we develop a very efficient approach to the Monte Carlo estimation of the expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) that measures the average benefit of knowing the value of a subset of uncertain parameters involved in a decision model. The calculation of EVPPI is inherently a nested expectation problem, with an outer expectation with respect to one random variable X and an inner conditional expectation with respect to the other random variable Y. We tackle this problem by using a multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method (Giles in Oper Res 56(3): 607-617, 2008) in which the number of inner samples for Y increases geometrically with level, so that the accuracy of estimating the inner conditional expectation improves and the cost also increases with level. We construct an antithetic MLMC estimator and provide sufficient assumptions on a decision model under which the antithetic property of the estimator is well exploited, and consequently a root-mean-square accuracy of epsilon can be achieved at a cost of O(epsilon-2). Numerical results confirm the considerable computational savings compared to the standard, nested Monte Carlo method for some simple test cases and a more realistic medical application.
机译:在本文中,我们开发了一种非常有效的方法来对部分完美信息(EVPPI)的期望值进行蒙特卡罗估计,该方法可衡量获知决策模型中不确定参数子集的值的平均收益。 EVPPI的计算本质上是一个嵌套的期望问题,对于一个随机变量X的外部期望,对于另一个随机变量Y的内部条件期望。我们通过使用多级蒙特卡洛(MLMC)方法解决此问题(Giles in Oper Res 56(3):607-617,2008),其中Y的内部样本数量随级别几何增加,因此估计内部条件期望的准确性提高,成本也随着级别增加。我们构造了一个对立的MLMC估计量,并在决策模型上提供了充分的假设,在该模型下,该估计量的对等性质得到了充分利用,因此可以以O(epsilon-2)的代价实现epsilon的均方根精度。 。与标准的嵌套蒙特卡洛方法相比,对于一些简单的测试用例和更实际的医学应用,数值结果证实了可观的计算节省。

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