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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Ordinal Variables With Misspecified Models

机译:模型不正确的有序变量的验证性因子分析

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摘要

Ordinal variables are common in many empirical investigations in the social and behavioral sciences. Researchers often apply the maximum likelihood method to fit structural equation models to ordinal data. This assumes that the observed measures have normal distributions, which is not the case when the variables are ordinal. A better approach is to use polychoric correlations and fit the models using methods such as unweighted least squares (ULS), maximum likelihood (ML), weighted least squares (WLS), or diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS). In this simulation evaluation we study the behavior of these methods in combination with polychoric correlations when the models are misspecified. We also study the effect of model size and number of categories on the parameter estimates, their standard errors, and the common chi-square measures of fit when the models are both correct and misspecified. When used routinely, these methods give consistent parameter estimates but ULS, ML, and DWLS give incorrect standard errors. Correct standard errors can be obtained for these methods by robustification using an estimate of the asymptotic covariance matrix W of the polychoric correlations. When used in this way the methods are here called RULS, RML, and RDWLS.
机译:在社会科学和行为科学的许多实证研究中,序数变量都很常见。研究人员经常应用最大似然法将结构方程模型拟合到序数数据。这假定观察到的量度具有正态分布,而变量为序数时则不是这种情况。更好的方法是使用多变量相关并使用诸如未加权最小二乘(ULS),最大似然(ML),加权最小二乘(WLS)或对角线加权最小二乘(DWLS)的方法拟合模型。在此仿真评估中,当模型指定不正确时,我们结合多色相关性研究了这些方法的行为。我们还研究了模型大小和类别数量对参数估计值,标准误差以及模型正确和指定错误时的通用卡方拟合拟合的影响。常规使用时,这些方法可提供一致的参数估计值,但ULS,ML和DWLS可提供不正确的标准误差。对于这些方法,可以通过使用多色相关性的渐近协方差矩阵W的估计进行鲁棒化来获得正确的标准误差。当以这种方式使用时,这些方法在这里称为RULS,RML和RDWLS。

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