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首页> 外文期刊>Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID) >Enforcement Process Tracing: Forbearance and Dilution in Urban Colombia and Turkey
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Enforcement Process Tracing: Forbearance and Dilution in Urban Colombia and Turkey

机译：执法过程追踪：哥伦比亚市区和土耳其市区的宽容与稀释

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摘要

Cities are complex regulatory environments. Attempts to regulate urban behavior create opportunities for politicians to manipulate enforcement to win votes and reward supporters. While some politicians choose not to enforce regulations, or forbearance , others undercut their intent, or dilution . Empirical research on enforcement has lagged behind due to the identification challenges in distinguishing weak state capacity from political manipulations. We develop a structured approach to process tracing that follows enforcement decisions sequentially across bureaucracies and specifies statistical distributions as counterfactuals to identify the causes of limited enforcement. We illustrate these strategies through original data on enforcement against squatters in urban Colombia and the provision of building permits in urban Turkey. Enforcement process tracing helps to document a form of distributive politics that is common to cities in the developing world.
机译：城市是复杂的监管环境。试图规范城市行为为政客创造了机会，可以操纵执法来赢得选票和奖励支持者。一些政治家选择不执行法规或宽容，而另一些则削弱了他们的意图或淡化。由于在将弱势国家能力与政治操纵区分开来的识别挑战上，有关执法的实证研究滞后了。我们开发了一种结构化的过程跟踪方法，该方法可在各个官僚机构中依次遵循执行决策，并指定统计分布作为反事实，以识别执行受限的原因。我们通过有关哥伦比亚市区对擅自占地者的执法以及土耳其市区内提供建筑许可证的原始数据来说明这些策略。执法过程追踪有助于记录发展中城市普遍存在的一种分配政治形式。

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