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What is mechanistic evidence, and why do we need it for evidence-based policy?

机译：什么是机械证据，为什么我们需要基于证据的政策？

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It has recently been argued that successful evidence-based policy should rely on two kinds of evidence: statistical and mechanistic. The former is held to be evidence that a policy brings about the desired outcome, and the latter concerns how it does so. Although agreeing with the spirit of this proposal, we argue that the underlying conception of mechanistic evidence as evidence that is different in kind from correlational, difference-making or statistical evidence, does not correctly capture the role that information about mechanisms should play in evidence-based policy. We offer an alternative account of mechanistic evidence as information concerning the causal pathway connecting the policy intervention to its outcome. Not only can this be analyzed as evidence of difference-making, it is also to be found at any level and is obtainable by a broad range of methods, both experimental and observational. Using behavioral policy as an illustration, we draw the implications of this revised understanding of mechanistic evidence for debates concerning policy extrapolation, evidence hierarchies, and evidence integration.
机译：最近有人争辩说，成功的基于证据的政策应依靠两种证据：统计证据和机制证据。前者被认为是一项政策带来了预期结果的证据，而后者则关注其如何实现的。尽管同意该建议的精神，但我们认为，机械证据作为与关联，差异或统计证据在种类上有所不同的证据的基本概念并未正确地把握有关机制的信息应在证据中发挥的作用，基础政策。我们提供了另一种机制证据，作为有关将政策干预与其结果联系起来的因果关系的信息。不仅可以将其分析为产生差异的证据，而且还可以在任何水平上找到它，并且可以通过实验和观察的多种方法获得。以行为政策为例，我们从对机制证据的这种修改理解中得出了有关政策外推，证据层次和证据整合的辩论的含义。

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