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The five problems of irreversibility

机译：不可逆转性的五个问题

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Thermodynamics has a clear arrow of time, characterized by the irreversible approach to equilibrium. This stands in contrast to the laws of microscopic theories, which are invariant under time-reversal. Foundational discussions of this "problem of irreversibility" often focus on historical considerations, and do therefore not take results of modern physical research on this topic into account. In this article, I will close this gap by studying the implications of dynamical density functional theory (DDFT), a central method of modern nonequilibrium statistical mechanics not previously considered in philosophy of physics, for this debate. For this purpose, the philosophical discussion of irreversibility is structured into five problems, concerned with the source of irreversibility in thermodynamics, the definition of equilibrium and entropy, the justification of coarse-graining, the approach to equilibrium and the arrow of time. For each of these problems, it is shown that DDFT provides novel insights that are of importance for both physicists and philosophers of physics.
机译：热力学具有清晰的时间箭头，其特征在于均衡的不可逆转方法。这与微观理论的定律相比，这是在逆转时不变的。对这个“不可逆转的问题”的基础讨论通常关注历史考虑，因此没有对这一主题的现代体育研究结果进行了影响。在本文中，我将通过研究动态密度泛函理论（DDFT）的含义，这是一种在物理学哲学中的现代非核状统计机制的核心方法来缩短这种差距，这辩论。为此，对不可逆转性的哲学讨论是结构化为五个问题，涉及热力学中的不可逆性，均衡和熵的定义，粗粒的致力化，均衡的方法和时间箭头。对于每个问题，表明DDFT为物理学家和物理学家提供了重要的新颖洞察力。

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